{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:43:47Z","timestamp":1793724227744,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000078","name":"NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-1751291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1751291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000078","name":"NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-2210590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-2210590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000146","name":"NSF | ENG\/OAD | Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET-2219305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET-2219305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57784-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T01:07:56Z","timestamp":1741741676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ion transport in helical-helical polypeptide polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9047-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5227-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0668-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"57784_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00429","volume":"124","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Q., Yan, F. & Texter, J. Polymerized and colloidal ionic liquids horizontal line syntheses and applications. Chem. Rev. 124, 3813\u20133931 (2024).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"57784_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LP00269A","volume":"2","author":"S Arora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arora, S. & Verma, N. A review: advancing organic electronics through the lens of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids. RSC Appl. Polym. 2, 317\u2013355 (2024).","journal-title":"RSC Appl. Polym."},{"key":"57784_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5123","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201912921","volume":"59","author":"H Nie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nie, H. et al. Light-controllable ionic conductivity in a polymeric ionic liquid. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 5123\u20135128 (2020).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"57784_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22791","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202106237","volume":"60","author":"TH Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, T. H., Zhao, Y., Choi, J. W. & Coskun, A. Ionic liquid functionalized gel polymer electrolytes for stable lithium metal batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 22791\u201322796 (2021).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"57784_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1039\/C8ME00114F","volume":"4","author":"V Ganesan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ganesan, V. Ion transport in polymeric ionic liquids: recent developments and open questions. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. 4, 280\u2013293 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Des. Eng."},{"key":"57784_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c01260","volume":"8","author":"SD Jones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jones, S. D. et al. Design of polymeric zwitterionic solid electrolytes with superionic lithium transport. ACS Cent. Sci. 8, 169\u2013175 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"57784_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b02546","volume":"51","author":"PJ Griffin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griffin, P. J. et al. Ion transport in cyclopropenium-based polymerized ionic liquids. Macromolecules 51, 1681\u20131687 (2018).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00566","volume":"52","author":"M Forsyth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forsyth, M., Porcarelli, L., Wang, X. E., Goujon, N. & Mecerreyes, D. Innovative electrolytes based on ionic liquids and polymers for next-generation solid-state batteries. Acc. Chem. Res. 52, 686\u2013694 (2019).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"57784_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J. R., Li, S. Q., Zhao, Q., Song, C. & Xue, Z. G. Structure code for advanced polymer electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 2008208 (2021).","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008208"},{"key":"57784_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7190","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00504","volume":"117","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watanabe, M. et al. Application of ionic liquids to energy storage and conversion materials and devices. Chem. Rev. 117, 7190\u20137239 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"57784_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6672","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c00554","volume":"59","author":"X Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng, X. et al. Poly(ionic liquid)-coated meshes with opposite wettability for continuous oil\/water separation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59, 6672\u20136680 (2020).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"57784_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M. M., Semiat, R. & He, X. Z. Recent advances in poly(ionic liquids) membranes for CO2 separation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 299, 121784 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.121784"},{"key":"57784_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. Boosting H2O2 utilization efficiency in benzene hydroxylation to phenol via isolated single VO4 site on hydrophobic poly(ionic liquid)-derivative. J. Chem. Eng. 479, 147501 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.147501"},{"key":"57784_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H. L. et al. Poly(ionic liquid)-mediated green synthesis of 3D AuPt flower-like nanoballs with composition-dependent SERS sensitivity and catalytic activity. J. Mol. Liq. 381, 121823 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2023.121823"},{"key":"57784_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00893","volume":"6","author":"YJ Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. J. et al. \u201cMetaphilic\u201d cell-penetrating polypeptide-vancomycin conjugate efficiently eradicates intracellular bacteria via a dual mechanism. Acs Cent. Sci. 6, 2267\u20132276 (2020).","journal-title":"Acs Cent. Sci."},{"key":"57784_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.12.016","volume":"170","author":"YJ Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. J., Chen, Y. Y., Song, Z. Y., Tan, Z. Z. & Cheng, J. J. Recent advances in design of antimicrobial peptides and polypeptides toward clinical translation. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 170, 261\u2013280 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"57784_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17556","DOI":"10.1021\/ja207080j","volume":"133","author":"J Yuan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuan, J., Soll, S., Drechsler, M., Muller, A. H. & Antonietti, M. Self-assembly of poly(ionic liquid)s: polymerization, mesostructure formation, and directional alignment in one step. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 17556\u201317559 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"57784_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE02093K","volume":"11","author":"HD Nguyen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nguyen, H. D. et al. Nanostructured multi-block copolymer single-ion conductors for safer high-performance lithium batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 11, 3298\u20133309 (2018).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"57784_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c01594","volume":"8","author":"J Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, J., Staiger, A., Mecking, S. & Winey, K. I. Ordered nanostructures in thin films of precise ion-containing multiblock copolymers. ACS Cent. Sci. 8, 388\u2013393 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"57784_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6950","volume":"6","author":"YV Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. V. et al. The evolution of cyclopropenium ions into functional polyelectrolytes. Nat. Commun. 6, 5950 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"57784_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311214","volume":"36","author":"QN Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Q. N. et al. Poly(Ionic Liquid) double-network elastomers with high-impact resistance enhanced by cation-pi interactions. Adv. Mater. 36, e2311214 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"57784_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202308547","volume":"36","author":"LL Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, L. L. et al. High-toughness and high-strength solvent-free linear poly(ionic liquid) elastomers. Adv. Mater. 36, e2308547 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"57784_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8895","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c18308","volume":"16","author":"LW Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, L. W. et al. Excellent polymerized ionic-liquid-based gel polymer electrolytes enabled by molecular structure design and anion-derived interfacial layer. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16, 8895\u20138902 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"57784_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1021\/ma3024624","volume":"46","author":"Y Schneider","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schneider, Y. et al. Ionic conduction in nanostructured membranes based on polymerized protic ionic liquids. Macromolecules 46, 1543\u20131548 (2013).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201001164","volume":"22","author":"TJ Peckham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peckham, T. J. & Holdcroft, S. Structure-morphology-property relationships of non-perfluorinated proton-conducting membranes. Adv. Mater. 22, 4667\u20134690 (2010).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"57784_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1021\/ma3024552","volume":"46","author":"R Yuan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yuan, R. et al. Ionic conductivity of low molecular weight block copolymer electrolytes. Macromolecules 46, 914\u2013921 (2013).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1021\/nl900091n","volume":"9","author":"ED Gomez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gomez, E. D. et al. Effect of ion distribution on conductivity of block copolymer electrolytes. Nano Lett 9, 1212\u20131216 (2009).","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"57784_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24187","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA07170D","volume":"3","author":"KM Meek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meek, K. M. & Elabd, Y. A. Polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers for electrochemical energy. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 24187\u201324194 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"57784_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1021\/mz400210a","volume":"2","author":"YS Ye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ye, Y. S., Sharick, S., Davis, E. M., Winey, K. I. & Elabd, Y. A. High hydroxide conductivity in polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers. ACS Macro Lett. 2, 575\u2013580 (2013).","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"57784_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.1021\/ma201067h","volume":"44","author":"RL Weber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weber, R. L. et al. Effect of nanoscale morphology on the conductivity of polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers. Macromolecules 44, 5727\u20135735 (2011).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5290","DOI":"10.1021\/ma400562a","volume":"46","author":"JH Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi, J. H., Ye, Y. S., Elabd, Y. A. & Winey, K. I. Network structure and strong microphase separation for high ion conductivity in polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers. Macromolecules 46, 5290\u20135300 (2013).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b02729","volume":"51","author":"MA Harris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harris, M. A. et al. Ion transport and interfacial dynamics in disordered block copolymers of ammonium-based polymerized ionic liquids. Macromolecules 51, 3477\u20133486 (2018).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2107987118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2107987118","volume":"118","author":"J Min","year":"2021","unstructured":"Min, J. et al. Enhancing ion transport in charged block copolymers by stabilizing low symmetry morphology: Electrostatic control of interfaces. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2107987118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57784_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6142","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b01237","volume":"48","author":"HY Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung, H. Y., Kim, S. Y., Kim, O. & Park, M. J. Effect of the protogenic group on the phase behavior and ion transport properties of acid-bearing block copolymers. Macromolecules 48, 6142\u20136152 (2015).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y. Y. et al. Helical peptide structure improves conductivity and stability of solid electrolytes. Nat. Mater. 23, 1539\u20131546 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01966-1"},{"key":"57784_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03399-1","volume":"593","author":"TP Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen, T. P. et al. Polypeptide organic radical batteries. Nature 593, 61\u201366 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"57784_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2403324121","volume":"121","author":"R Samajdar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samajdar, R. et al. Secondary structure determines electron transport in peptides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 121, e2403324121 (2024).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"57784_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.22632","volume":"46","author":"SW Kuo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuo, S. W., Lee, H. F., Huang, C. F., Huang, C. J. & Chang, F. C. Synthesis and self-assembly of helical polypeptide-random coil amphiphilic diblock copolymer. J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 46, 3108\u20133119 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem."},{"key":"57784_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5273.343","volume":"273","author":"JT Chen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chen, J. T., Thomas, E. L., Ober, C. K. & Mao, G. P. Self-assembled smectic phases in rod-coil block copolymers. Science 273, 343\u2013346 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"57784_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1021\/ma001760x","volume":"34","author":"R Borsali","year":"2001","unstructured":"Borsali, R., Lecommandoux, S., Pecora, R. & Beno\u00eet, H. Scattering properties of rod\u2212coil and once-broken rod block copolymers. Macromolecules 34, 4229\u20134234 (2001).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6319","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13354","volume":"145","author":"RA Scanga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scanga, R. A. et al. Asymmetric polymerization-induced crystallization-driven self-assembly of helical, rod-coil poly(aryl isocyanide) block copolymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 6319\u20136329 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"57784_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5311.384","volume":"276","author":"SI Stupp","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stupp, S. I. et al. Supramolecular materials: self-organized nanostructures. Science 276, 384\u2013389 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"57784_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6553","DOI":"10.1021\/ma1009116","volume":"43","author":"M Banno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banno, M. et al. Two-dimensional bilayer smectic ordering of rigid rod\u2212rod helical diblock polyisocyanides. Macromolecules 43, 6553\u20136561 (2010).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11387","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b06503","volume":"140","author":"CD Vacogne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vacogne, C. D., Wei, C. X., Tauer, K. & Schlaad, H. Self-assembly of alpha-helical polypeptides into microscopic and enantiomorphic spirals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 11387\u201311394 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"57784_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6674","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c18954","volume":"16","author":"KH Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, K. H., Liu, C. H., Tan, D. H., Nieh, M. P. & Su, W. F. Block sequence effects on the self-assembly behaviors of polypeptide-based penta-block copolymer hydrogels. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16, 6674\u20136686 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"57784_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klok, H. A. & Lecommandoux, S. Supramolecular materials via block copolymer self-assembly. Adv. Mater. 13, 1217\u20131229 (2001).","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4095(200108)13:16<1217::AID-ADMA1217>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"57784_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c10762","volume":"146","author":"TJ Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, T. J. et al. Tailoring synthetic polypeptide design for directed fibril superstructure formation and enhanced hydrogel properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 5823\u20135833 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"57784_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2004.01.009","volume":"45","author":"EA Minich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Minich, E. A., Nowak, A. P., Deming, T. J. & Pochan, D. J. Rod\u2013rod and rod\u2013coil self-assembly and phase behavior of polypeptide diblock copolymers. Polymer 45, 1951\u20131957 (2004).","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"57784_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31849","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c10998","volume":"146","author":"TJ Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, T. J. et al. Synthesis and In situ thermal induction of beta-sheet nanocrystals in spider silk-inspired copolypeptides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 31849\u201331859 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"57784_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1021\/bm034291q","volume":"5","author":"P Papadopoulos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Papadopoulos, P., Floudas, G., Klok, H. A., Schnell, I. & Pakula, T. Self-assembly and dynamics of poly(gamma-benzyl-l-glutamate) peptides. Biomacromolecules 5, 81\u201391 (2004).","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7027","DOI":"10.1021\/ma301036b","volume":"45","author":"YS Ye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ye, Y. S., Choi, J. H., Winey, K. I. & Elabd, Y. A. Polymerized ionic liquid block and random copolymers: effect of weak microphase separation on ion transport. Macromolecules 45, 7027\u20137035 (2012).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1021\/ma1007418","volume":"43","author":"QH Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou, Q. H. et al. Synthesis and hierarchical self-assembly of rod\u2212rod block copolymers via click chemistry between mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers and helical polypeptides. Macromolecules 43, 5637\u20135646 (2010).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8253","DOI":"10.1021\/ma4014687","volume":"46","author":"F Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou, F. et al. Synthesis and self-assembly of rod\u2013rod block copolymers with different rod diameters. Macromolecules 46, 8253\u20138263 (2013).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1021\/bm3010275","volume":"13","author":"JS Haataja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haataja, J. S. et al. Double smectic self-assembly in block copolypeptide complexes. Biomacromolecules 13, 3572\u20133580 (2012).","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0501860","volume":"6","author":"P Papadopoulos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Papadopoulos, P. et al. Nanodomain-induced chain folding in poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate)-b-polyglycine diblock copolymers. Biomacromolecules 6, 2352\u20132361 (2005).","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/206616b0","volume":"206","author":"DA Parry","year":"1965","unstructured":"Parry, D. A. & Elliott, A. X-ray diffraction patterns of liquid crystalline solutions of poly-gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate. Nature 206, 616\u2013617 (1965).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"57784_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1021\/ma402263y","volume":"47","author":"UH Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, U. H. et al. Dielectric and viscoelastic responses of imidazolium-based ionomers with different counterions and side chain lengths. Macromolecules 47, 777\u2013790 (2014).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.9b00293","volume":"8","author":"QJ Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, Q. J., Shen, C. T., Halloran, K. P. & Evans, C. M. Effect of network architecture and linker polarity on ion aggregation and conductivity in precise polymerized ionic liquids. ACS Macro Lett. 8, 658\u2013663 (2019).","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"57784_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/1801183a0","volume":"180","author":"C Robinson","year":"1957","unstructured":"Robinson, C. & Ward, J. C. Liquid-crystalline structures in polypeptides. Nature 180, 1183\u20131184 (1957).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"57784_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8637","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.8b01221","volume":"51","author":"EW Stacy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stacy, E. W. et al. Fundamental limitations of ionic conductivity in polymerized ionic liquids. Macromolecules 51, 8637\u20138645 (2018).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10520","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c01820","volume":"54","author":"QJ Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, Q. J., Bennington, P., Nealey, P. F., Patel, S. N. & Evans, C. M. Ion specific, thin film confinement effects on conductivity in polymerized ionic liquids. Macromolecules 54, 10520\u201310528 (2021).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10539","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.0c07549","volume":"124","author":"V Bocharova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bocharova, V. et al. Role of fast dynamics in conductivity of polymerized ionic liquids. J. Phys. Chem. B 124, 10539\u201310545 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"57784_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6710","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b01217","volume":"50","author":"Z Wojnarowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wojnarowska, Z. et al. Effect of chain rigidity on the decoupling of ion motion from segmental relaxation in polymerized ionic liquids: ambient and elevated pressure studies. Macromolecules 50, 6710\u20136721 (2017).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b02202","volume":"49","author":"CM Evans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Evans, C. M., Sanoja, G. E., Popere, B. C. & Segalrnan, R. A. Anhydrous proton transport in polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers: roles of block length, ionic content, and confinement. Macromolecules 49, 395\u2013404 (2016).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b00257","volume":"48","author":"F Fan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fan, F. et al. Ion conduction in polymerized ionic liquids with different pendant groups. Macromolecules 48, 4461\u20134470 (2015).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5642","DOI":"10.1021\/ma900401a","volume":"42","author":"NS Wanakule","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wanakule, N. S. et al. Ionic conductivity of block copolymer electrolytes in the vicinity of order\u2212disorder and order\u2212order transitions. Macromolecules 42, 5642\u20135651 (2009).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"57784_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1021\/nl4034818","volume":"14","author":"MW Schulze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulze, M. W., McIntosh, L. D., Hillmyer, M. A. & Lodge, T. P. High-modulus, high-conductivity nanostructured polymer electrolyte membranes via polymerization-induced phase separation. Nano Lett. 14, 122\u2013126 (2014).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"57784_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.200900284","volume":"210","author":"T Wagner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wagner, T. et al. Vinylphosphonic Acid Homo- and Block Copolymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 210, 1903\u20131914 (2009).","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"57784_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Pisula, W. & Mullen, K. Effect of humidity and temperature on proton conduction in phosphonated copolymers. Mater. Today Commun. 20, 100539 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2019.05.015"},{"key":"57784_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1021\/ma502234y","volume":"48","author":"I Villaluenga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Villaluenga, I., Chen, X. C., Devaux, D., Hallinan, D. T. & Balsara, N. P. Nanoparticle-driven assembly of highly conducting hybrid block copolymer electrolytes. Macromolecules 48, 358\u2013364 (2015).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57784-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57784-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57784-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T10:54:03Z","timestamp":1741863243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-025-57784-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["57784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-57784-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2451"}}