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However, conventional synthesis methods rely on post-synthesis pulverization to achieve cycling-appropriate particle sizes, offering limited control over particle microstructure and crystallinity. This accelerates degradation and complicates secondary particle processing. Here we present a synthesis strategy that enhances nucleation while suppressing particle growth and agglomeration across various disordered rock-salt compositions, including lithium\u2013manganese\u2013titanium oxide, lithium\u2013manganese\u2013niobium oxide, and lithium\u2013nickel\u2013titanium oxide systems. Applied to Li\n                    <jats:sub>1.2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Mn\n                    <jats:sub>0.4<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ti\n                    <jats:sub>0.4<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , this method yields highly crystalline, well-dispersed sub-200\u2009nm particles that form homogeneous electrode films with stable cycling behavior. Tested in cells with lithium metal as the counter electrode, these electrodes deliver ~200\u2009mAh\/g with 85% capacity retention relative to the first cycle after 100 cycles (20\u2009mA\/g, 1.5\u20134.8\u2009V), and an average discharge voltage loss of 4.8\u2009mV per cycle, compared to 38.6% retention and 7.5\u2009mV loss per cycle for electrodes derived from pulverized solid-state particles. This approach suggests a route to enhance the performance and durability of disordered rock-salt electrodes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60946-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T08:31:02Z","timestamp":1751358662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Nucleation-promoting and growth-limiting synthesis of disordered rock-salt Li-ion cathode materials"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1810-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moohyun","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dumaresq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7048-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Trevino Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6224-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richie","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8199-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3557-2581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Lazaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5376-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nauman","family":"Mubarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-3963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Brodusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7200-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Hwa","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2513-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raynald","family":"Gauvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8112-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George P.","family":"Demopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5705-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhyuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"60946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200690","volume":"23","author":"J Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. 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