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In cilta-cel patients response rates were higher and atypical neurotoxicities\/infections more frequent. Peak CAR T counts were significantly higher in cilta-cel patients, driven by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CAR expansion, correlating with clinical responses. Expansion of cilta-cel cells was associated with higher CAR and CD27 expression while, in contrast to ide-cel, there was no correlation between TIM3 expression and CAR T proliferation. Cilta-cel CAR T expansion was followed by a CAR-specific switch from proliferation-associated genes to genes\/surface markers indicating effector\/memory function. The longer persistence of cilta-cel CAR T was associated with increased IL-7R expression; in vitro data showed persistent antigen-independent activation and higher metabolic activity of cilta-cel vs. ide-cel CAR T. Among cilta-cel-treated patients experiencing atypical neurotoxicities, central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating, effector-type CAR T presented a distinct inflammatory phenotypic\/cytokine-expression profile. This in-depth biomonitoring report following real-world cilta-cel or ide-cel highlights intrinsic biological differences between BCMA-targeting CAR T products, potentially explaining differences in clinical activity and toxicity. Our findings may guide optimization of cellular immunotherapy strategies in MM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60980-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T21:47:35Z","timestamp":1751579255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Immune correlates of anti-BCMA CAR-T products idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel in a real-world cohort of patients with multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djordje","family":"Atanackovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7085-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Luetkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peirong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8790-7649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amol C.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Tallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imari","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etse","family":"Gebru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rediet","family":"Mulatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Destiny","family":"Omili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Yamoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0501-771X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aerielle","family":"Matsangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Lesho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8069-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Dietze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel A.","family":"Fromowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1699-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim G.","family":"Hankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Dahiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean A.","family":"Yared","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy M.","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Koka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Kallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Badros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Rapoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet H.","family":"Kocoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"60980_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2422","volume":"19","author":"RO Carpenter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carpenter, R. 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The other authors declare that they do not have any competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6154"}}