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T cells against KSHV, however, are barely detectable in infected individuals, and the mechanisms underlying immune recognition of KSHV-infected cells remain poorly understood. Here, we present publicly available sequences of T cell receptors (TCRs) targeting the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA\/ORF73). By using these TCRs transgenically expressed on T cells as identifiers for KSHV-specific cells, we show that despite their failure to recognize KSHV-infected B cells in vitro, activated effector memory differentiated LANA-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells accumulate in vivo at infection sites in the preclinical infection model of humanized mice. This suggests more efficient antigen-presentation in vivo than by KSHV-infected B cells in vitro and highlights the possible contribution of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells to the immunosurveillance of latently infected B cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66992-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T17:55:37Z","timestamp":1764957337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["LANA-specific CD4+ effector T cells accumulate at the site of KSHV infection in humanized mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"B\u00f6ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danusia","family":"Vanoaica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8868-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kareem","family":"Haal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svenja L.","family":"Nopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-8607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Rieble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma Delia","family":"Valencia-Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Holler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Stauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fcnz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"66992_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104656","volume":"9","author":"E Cesarman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cesarman, E. Gammaherpesviruses and lymphoproliferative disorders. Annu Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis. 9, 349\u2013372 (2014).","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis."},{"key":"66992_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160275","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0275","volume":"372","author":"G Mariggi\u00f2","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mariggi\u00f2, G., Koch, S. & Schulz, T. F. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus pathogenesis. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 372, 20160275 (2017).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"66992_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","volume":"8","author":"Cde Martel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martel, C. de, Georges, D., Bray, F., Ferlay, J. & Clifford, G. M. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob. Health. 8, e180\u2013e190 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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