{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:48Z","timestamp":1792790568108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T12-712\/21-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T12-712\/21-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Incentive Award for External Competitive Research Grants from Hong Kong Baptist University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0145fw131","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68962-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T04:16:44Z","timestamp":1770092204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HCMV infection disrupts barrier functions and promotes epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in a cholangiocyte organoid model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zuodong","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9717-0281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Mushfiqur","family":"Rahaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuelan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-203X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoman","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0265-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara Sze Man","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8079-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsz Man","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang Ka","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Ho Yu","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7371-503X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth Kak Yuen","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6231-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Kwong Hang","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1758-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent Chi Hang","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8989-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen Ka Loon","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"68962_CR1","first-page":"106","volume":"9","author":"T Da Cunha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Da Cunha, T. & Wu, G. Y. Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol. 9, 106\u2013115 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90076-2","volume":"15","author":"WZ Mehal","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mehal, W. Z., Hattersley, A. T., Chapman, R. W. & Fleming, K. A. A survey of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) liver tissues using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay. J. Hepatol. 15, 396\u2013399 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42876","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000042876","volume":"104","author":"RCS Filho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Filho, R. C. S. et al. Cytomegalovirus reactivation in autoimmune liver diseases. Can we diagnose it earlier?: a case report. Medicine 104, e42876 (2025).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"68962_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13553","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13553","volume":"23","author":"J Rashidi-Alavijeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rashidi-Alavijeh, J. et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis as an independent risk factor for cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplant. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 23, e13553 (2021).","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"68962_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.001","volume":"50","author":"A Zani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zani, A., Quaglia, A., Hadzic, N., Zuckerman, M. & Davenport, M. Cytomegalovirus-associated biliary atresia: an aetiological and prognostic subgroup. J. Pediatr. Surg. 50, 1739\u20131745 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"68962_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.148","volume":"95","author":"J Wen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wen, J. et al. Low doses of CMV induce autoimmune-mediated and inflammatory responses in bile duct epithelia of regulatory T cell-depleted neonatal mice. Lab. Invest. 95, 180\u2013192 (2015).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"68962_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270415","volume":"27","author":"T Martelius","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martelius, T., Krogerus, L., Hockerstedt, K., Bruggeman, C. & Lautenschlager, I. Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with increased inflammation and severe bile duct damage in rat liver allografts. Hepatology 27, 996\u20131002 (1998).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"68962_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1086\/315032","volume":"180","author":"C Sinzger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sinzger, C. et al. Hepatocytes are permissive for human cytomegalovirus infection in human liver cell culture and in vivo. J. Infect. Dis. 180, 976\u2013986 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"68962_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(93)90069-S","volume":"24","author":"ND Theise","year":"1993","unstructured":"Theise, N. D., Conn, M. & Thung, S. N. Localization of cytomegalovirus antigens in liver allografts over time. Hum. Pathol. 24, 103\u2013108 (1993).","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb05500.x","volume":"98","author":"SD Olver","year":"1994","unstructured":"Olver, S. D., Price, P. & Shellam, G. R. Cytomegalovirus hepatitis: characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in resistant and susceptible mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 98, 375\u2013381 (1994).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"68962_CR11","first-page":"2420668","volume":"2021","author":"E Alibegovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alibegovic, E. et al. Cytomegalovirus cholangiopathy in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and literature review. Case Rep. Hepatol. 2021, 2420668 (2021).","journal-title":"Case Rep. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-108","volume":"5","author":"AM De Tommaso","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Tommaso, A. M., Andrade, P. D., Costa, S. C., Escanhoela, C. A. & Hessel, G. High frequency of human cytomegalovirus DNA in the liver of infants with extrahepatic neonatal cholestasis. BMC Infect. Dis. 5, 108 (2005).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"68962_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-026682","volume":"108","author":"AKL Cheung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheung, A. K. L., Abendroth, A., Cunningham, A. L. & Slobedman, B. Viral gene expression during the establishment of human cytomegalovirus latent infection in myeloid progenitor cells. Blood 108, 3691\u20133699 (2006).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"68962_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16255","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252630899","volume":"99","author":"FD Goodrum","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goodrum, F. D., Jordan, C. T., High, K. & Shenk, T. Human cytomegalovirus gene expression during infection of primary hematopoietic progenitor cells: a model for latency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 16255\u201316260 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"68962_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-070078","volume":"110","author":"F Goodrum","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goodrum, F., Reeves, M., Sinclair, J., High, K. & Shenk, T. Human cytomegalovirus sequences expressed in latently infected individuals promote a latent infection in vitro. Blood 110, 937\u2013945 (2007).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"68962_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003366","volume":"9","author":"CC Rossetto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rossetto, C. C., Tarrant-Elorza, M. & Pari, G. S. Cis and trans acting factors involved in human cytomegalovirus experimental and natural latent infection of CD14 (+) monocytes and CD34 (+) cells. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003366 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"68962_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shnayder, M. et al. Defining the transcriptional landscape during cytomegalovirus latency with single-cell RNA sequencing. mBio 9, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00013-18 (2018).","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00013-18"},{"key":"68962_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710522114","volume":"114","author":"S Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng, S. et al. Transcriptome-wide characterization of human cytomegalovirus in natural infection and experimental latency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, E10586\u2013E10595 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"68962_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00577","volume":"10","author":"M Galinato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galinato, M. et al. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of CD34(+) stem cell-derived myeloid cells infected with human cytomegalovirus. Front. Microbiol. 10, 577 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"68962_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110653","volume":"39","author":"B Rozman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rozman, B. et al. Temporal dynamics of HCMV gene expression in lytic and latent infections. Cell Rep. 39, 110653 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"68962_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9854","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01278-12","volume":"86","author":"CM O\u2019Connor","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, C. M. & Murphy, E. A. A myeloid progenitor cell line capable of supporting human cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation, resulting in infectious progeny. J. Virol. 86, 9854\u20139865 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albaadani, A., Alhumaidi, S. & Asiri, S. Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in HIV infection. J. Med. Cases 7, 403\u2013405 (2016).","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc2618w"},{"key":"68962_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3138","volume":"323","author":"N Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, N. et al. Effect of preemptive therapy vs antiviral prophylaxis on cytomegalovirus disease in seronegative liver transplant recipients with seropositive donors: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 323, 1378\u20131387 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"68962_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04087.x","volume":"12","author":"SF Atabani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Atabani, S. F. et al. Cytomegalovirus replication kinetics in solid organ transplant recipients managed by preemptive therapy. Am. J. Transpl. 12, 2457\u20132464 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transpl."},{"key":"68962_CR25","first-page":"100087","volume":"2","author":"D Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah, D. et al. Cytomegalovirus reactivation in seropositive critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis: a hospital-based longitudinal study. J. Clin. Virol. 2, 100087 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160617","volume":"16","author":"S Tanaka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tanaka, S. et al. Reactivation of cytomegalovirus in patients with cirrhosis: analysis of 122 cases. Hepatology 16, 1409\u20131414 (1992).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"68962_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-12","volume":"26","author":"S Manicklal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manicklal, S., Emery, V. C., Lazzarotto, T., Boppana, S. B. & Gupta, R. K. The \u201csilent\u201d global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 26, 86\u2013102 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"68962_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.794207","volume":"26","author":"E Coclite","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coclite, E., Di Natale, C. & Nigro, G. Congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus lung infection. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 26, 1671\u20131675 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"68962_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73009-z","volume":"10","author":"A Chatterjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chatterjee, A. et al. Insight into the distinctive paradigm of human cytomegalovirus associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis in neonates. Sci. Rep. 10, 15861 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"68962_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.96461","volume":"18","author":"MY Hasosah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hasosah, M. Y. et al. Perinatal cytomegalovirus hepatitis in Saudi infants: a case series. Saudi J. Gastroenterol. 18, 208\u2013213 (2012).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"68962_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101018","volume":"6","author":"L Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su, L. et al. CD14 facilitates perinatal human cytomegalovirus infection in biliary epithelial cells via CD55. JHEP Rep. 6, 101018 (2024).","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"68962_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panda, K., Parashar, D. & Viswanathan, R. An update on current antiviral strategies to combat human cytomegalovirus infection. Viruses 15, 1358 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061358"},{"key":"68962_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-7-9","volume":"7","author":"TB Ozkan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozkan, T. B., Mistik, R., Dikici, B. & Nazlioglu, H. O. Antiviral therapy in neonatal cholestatic cytomegalovirus hepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 7, 9 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"68962_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05394-1","volume":"39","author":"U Liliemark","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liliemark, U., Svensson, J. F. & Fischler, B. Incidence and antiviral treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in infants with biliary atresia. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 39, 117 (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"68962_CR35","first-page":"154","volume":"34","author":"B Fischler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fischler, B., Casswall, T. H., Malmborg, P. & Nemeth, A. Ganciclovir treatment in infants with cytomegalovirus infection and cholestasis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 34, 154\u2013157 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"68962_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00192-6","volume":"143","author":"DW Kimberlin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kimberlin, D. W. et al. Effect of ganciclovir therapy on hearing in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease involving the central nervous system: a randomized, controlled trial. J. Pediatr. 143, 16\u201325 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1360","volume":"168","author":"CD Josephson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Josephson, C. D. et al. Blood transfusion and breast milk transmission of cytomegalovirus in very low-birth-weight infants: a prospective cohort study. JAMA Pediatr. 168, 1054\u20131062 (2014).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00533-x","volume":"10","author":"PKH Tam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tam, P. K. H. et al. Biliary atresia. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 10, 47 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"68962_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2020.150950","volume":"29","author":"PHY Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung, P. H. Y., Zheng, S. & Tam, P. K. H. Biliary atresia: east versus west. Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 29, 150950 (2020).","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"68962_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2021.101764","volume":"56-57","author":"M Hukkinen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hukkinen, M., Ruuska, S., Pihlajoki, M., Kyronlahti, A. & Pakarinen, M. P. Long-term outcomes of biliary atresia patients surviving with their native livers. Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 56-57, 101764 (2022).","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"68962_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2012.05.010","volume":"21","author":"M Davenport","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davenport, M. Biliary atresia: clinical aspects. Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 21, 175\u2013184 (2012).","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"68962_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.74","volume":"12","author":"A Asai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asai, A., Miethke, A. & Bezerra, J. A. Pathogenesis of biliary atresia: defining biology to understand clinical phenotypes. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12, 342\u2013352 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29905","volume":"68","author":"JA Bezerra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bezerra, J. A. et al. Biliary atresia: clinical and research challenges for the twenty-first century. Hepatology 68, 1163\u20131173 (2018).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"68962_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemme, S. et al. Cytomegalovirus in biliary atresia is associated with increased pretransplant death, but not decreased native liver survival. Hepatol. Commun. 7, e0175 (2023).","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000175"},{"key":"68962_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1387942","volume":"25","author":"A Zani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zani, A. et al. International survey on the management of necrotizing enterocolitis. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg. 25, 27\u201333 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"68962_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710450","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.710450","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Xu, X., Liu, G., Yang, F. & Zhan, J. Prognosis of biliary atresia associated with cytomegalovirus: a meta-analysis. Front. Pediatr. 9, 710450 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-008-0024-8","volume":"4","author":"C Shen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shen, C., Zheng, S., Wang, W. & Xiao, X. M. Relationship between prognosis of biliary atresia and infection of cytomegalovirus. World J. Pediatr. 4, 123\u2013126 (2008).","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR48","first-page":"57","volume":"27","author":"B Fischler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fischler, B., Ehrnst, A., Forsgren, M., Orvell, C. & Nemeth, A. The viral association of neonatal cholestasis in Sweden: a possible link between cytomegalovirus infection and extrahepatic biliary atresia. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 27, 57\u201364 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"68962_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.012","volume":"73","author":"RO Babu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Babu, R. O. et al. Beta-amyloid deposition around hepatic bile ducts is a novel pathobiological and diagnostic feature of biliary atresia. J. Hepatol. 73, 1391\u20131403 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2488","volume":"217","author":"K Harada","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harada, K. et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by biliary innate immunity contributes to the sclerosing cholangiopathy of biliary atresia. J. Pathol. 217, 654\u2013664 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2007.05.021","volume":"39","author":"R Diaz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diaz, R. et al. Evidence for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in biliary atresia fibrosis. Hum. Pathol. 39, 102\u2013115 (2008).","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24156","volume":"53","author":"A Omenetti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Omenetti, A. et al. Hedgehog activity, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and biliary dysmorphogenesis in biliary atresia. Hepatology 53, 1246\u20131258 (2011).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"68962_CR53","first-page":"3331","volume":"118","author":"A Omenetti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Omenetti, A. et al. Hedgehog signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition during biliary fibrosis in rodents and humans. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 3331\u20133342 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"68962_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090747","volume":"177","author":"Y Sato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sato, Y. et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-beta1\/Snail activation aggravates invasive growth of cholangiocarcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 177, 141\u2013152 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861826","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.861826","volume":"10","author":"P Siyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siyu, P., Junxiang, W., Qi, W., Yimao, Z. & Shuguang, J. The role of GLI in the regulation of hepatic epithelial-mesenchymal transition in biliary atresia. Front. Pediatr. 10, 861826 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i29.3260","volume":"24","author":"RZ Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, R. Z. et al. Downregulation of Hes1 expression in experimental biliary atresia and its effects on bile duct structure. World J. Gastroenterol. 24, 3260\u20133272 (2018).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"68962_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1461","volume":"4","author":"YW Chung-Davidson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung-Davidson, Y. W. et al. TGF-beta signaling plays a pivotal role during developmental biliary atresia in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Hepatol. Commun. 4, 219\u2013234 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"68962_CR58","first-page":"185","volume":"3","author":"C Farrington","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farrington, C., Novak, D., Liu, C. & Haafiz, A. B. Immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor beta-1 and its relationship with collagen expression in advanced liver fibrosis due to biliary atresia. Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol. 3, 185\u2013191 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"68962_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107750","volume":"205","author":"G Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song, G., Han, S. & Zhang, X. Human Cytomegalovirus-IE1 induces neonate liver injury in transgenic mouse. Micro. Pathog. 205, 107750 (2025).","journal-title":"Micro. Pathog."},{"key":"68962_CR60","first-page":"4213","volume":"11","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. HCMV-encoded IE2 promotes NAFLD progression by up-regulation of SREBP1c expression in UL122 genetically modified mice. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 11, 4213\u20134220 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048935","volume":"7","author":"EV Langemeijer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langemeijer, E. V. et al. Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28. PLoS ONE 7, e48935 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"68962_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00709-4","volume":"8","author":"NB Mercado","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mercado, N. B. et al. Clinical implications of cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma progression and therapy. NPJ Precis. Oncol. 8, 213 (2024).","journal-title":"NPJ Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"68962_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b23-00256","volume":"46","author":"K Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, K., Wang, X., Han, C., Liu, S. & Hu, Y. Mechanism of human cytomegalovirus-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioma cells via the upregulation of RIP2 expression. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 46, 1506\u20131511 (2023).","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"68962_CR64","first-page":"2637","volume":"13","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Hu, B., Hu, M., Qian, D. & Wang, B. Human cytomegalovirus infection enhances invasiveness and migration of glioblastoma cells by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 13, 2637\u20132647 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02826-3","volume":"22","author":"X Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, L. & Daniels, D. J. Role of cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma development: promoter or culprit?. Virol. J. 22, 194 (2025).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"68962_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4390","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601287","volume":"25","author":"E Poole","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poole, E., King, C. A., Sinclair, J. H. & Alcami, A. The UL144 gene product of human cytomegalovirus activates NFkappaB via a TRAF6-dependent mechanism. EMBO J. 25, 4390\u20134399 (2006).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"68962_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.11.013","volume":"27","author":"MH Hancock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hancock, M. H. et al. Human Cytomegalovirus miRNAs regulate TGF-beta to mediate myelosuppression while maintaining viral latency in CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cell Host Microbe 27, 104\u2013114.e104 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"68962_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0414","volume":"17","author":"K Dziurzynski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dziurzynski, K. et al. Glioma-associated cytomegalovirus mediates subversion of the monocyte lineage to a tumor propagating phenotype. Clin. Cancer Res. 17, 4642\u20134649 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"68962_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.011","volume":"12","author":"F Sampaziotis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sampaziotis, F. et al. Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional cholangiocyte-like cells. Nat. Protoc. 12, 814\u2013827 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"68962_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001010","DOI":"10.1136\/wjps-2025-001010","volume":"8","author":"VCH Lui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lui, V. C. H. Organoids in biliary atresia. World J. Pediatr. Surg. 8, e001010 (2025).","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"68962_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.181","volume":"77","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao, Y. et al. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins in biliary epithelial cells is associated with liver fibrosis in biliary atresia. Pediatr. Res. 77, 310\u2013315 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"68962_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00989","volume":"9","author":"W Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, W., Yang, L., Li, T. & Zhang, Y. Cadherin signaling in cancer: its functions and role as a therapeutic target. Front. Oncol. 9, 989 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"68962_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000866","volume":"29","author":"RC Dantas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dantas, R. C. et al. Immunodetection of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor proliferation markers in GLi-1-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 29, 335\u2013344 (2021).","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"68962_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0237-9","volume":"21","author":"J Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, J. et al. Guidelines and definitions for research on epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 21, 341\u2013352 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"68962_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26764-0","volume":"12","author":"M Ogawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ogawa, M. et al. Generation of functional ciliated cholangiocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Commun. 12, 6504 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"68962_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79082-8","volume":"10","author":"MMA Verstegen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verstegen, M. M. A. et al. Human extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids show region-specific differentiation potential and model cystic fibrosis-related bile duct disease. Sci. Rep. 10, 21900 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"68962_CR77","first-page":"1295","volume":"16","author":"Y Tian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tian, Y. et al. Role of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein in human cytomegalovirus-induced hyperpermeability of human endothelial cells. Exp. Ther. Med. 16, 1295\u20131303 (2018).","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"68962_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0092121","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00921-21","volume":"95","author":"I Sufiawati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sufiawati, I. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) coinfection of infant tonsil epithelium may synergistically promote both HIV-1 and HCMV spread and infection. J. Virol. 95, e0092121 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006202","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006202","volume":"13","author":"E Maidji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maidji, E., Somsouk, M., Rivera, J. M., Hunt, P. W. & Stoddart, C. A. Replication of CMV in the gut of HIV-infected individuals and epithelial barrier dysfunction. PLoS Pathog. 13, e1006202 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"68962_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-1-61","volume":"77","author":"S Tugizov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tugizov, S., Maidji, E. & Pereira, L. Role of apical and basolateral membranes in replication of human cytomegalovirus in polarized retinal pigment epithelial cells. J. Gen. Virol. 77, 61\u201374 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8402","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.8402-8410.1996","volume":"70","author":"E Maidji","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maidji, E., Tugizov, S., Jones, T., Zheng, Z. & Pereira, L. Accessory human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein US9 in the unique short component of the viral genome promotes cell-to-cell transmission of virus in polarized epithelial cells. J. Virol. 70, 8402\u20138410 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsuno, Y. et al. Chronic TGF-beta exposure drives stabilized EMT, tumor stemness, and cancer drug resistance with vulnerability to bitopic mTOR inhibition. Sci. Signal 12, eaau8544 (2019).","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aau8544"},{"key":"68962_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03398-6","volume":"77","author":"W Hua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hua, W., Ten Dijke, P., Kostidis, S., Giera, M. & Hornsveld, M. TGFbeta-induced metabolic reprogramming during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 77, 2103\u20132123 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"68962_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.009","volume":"164","author":"CJ David","year":"2016","unstructured":"David, C. J. et al. TGF-beta tumor suppression through a lethal EMT. Cell 164, 1015\u20131030 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"68962_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00357","volume":"8","author":"I Fabregat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fabregat, I. & Caballero-Diaz, D. Transforming growth factor-beta-induced cell plasticity in liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Front. Oncol. 8, 357 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"68962_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319091","volume":"69","author":"A Dropmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dropmann, A. et al. TGF-beta2 silencing to target biliary-derived liver diseases. Gut 69, 1677\u20131690 (2020).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"68962_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.121.001020","volume":"381","author":"JL Qiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiu, J. L. et al. Ligustrazine attenuates liver fibrosis by targeting miR-145 mediated transforming growth factor-beta\/Smad signaling in an animal model of biliary atresia. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 381, 257\u2013265 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"68962_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, F. B. et al. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and connective tissue growth factor in congenital biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis liver tissue. Genet. Mol. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4238\/gmr.15017217 (2016).","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15017217"},{"key":"68962_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1995.tb03401.x","volume":"45","author":"CE Tan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tan, C. E. et al. Distortion in TGF beta 1 peptide immunolocalization in biliary atresia: comparison with the normal pattern in the developing human intrahepatic bile duct system. Pathol. Int. 45, 815\u2013824 (1995).","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"68962_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070337","volume":"171","author":"Y Sato","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sato, Y. et al. Cholangiocytes with mesenchymal features contribute to progressive hepatic fibrosis of the polycystic kidney rat. Am. J. Pathol. 171, 1859\u20131871 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvr001","volume":"149","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tanaka, M., Itoh, T., Tanimizu, N. & Miyajima, A. Liver stem\/progenitor cells: their characteristics and regulatory mechanisms. J. Biochem. 149, 231\u2013239 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"68962_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1854","volume":"6","author":"TS Andrews","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrews, T. S. et al. Single-cell, single-nucleus, and spatial RNA sequencing of the human liver identifies cholangiocyte and mesenchymal heterogeneity. Hepatol. Commun. 6, 821\u2013840 (2022).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"68962_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2004.03.013","volume":"32","author":"J Cai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cai, J., Weiss, M. L. & Rao, M. S. In search of \u201cstemness\u201d. Exp. Hematol. 32, 585\u2013598 (2004).","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"68962_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1373-2","volume":"572","author":"N Aizarani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aizarani, N. et al. A human liver cell atlas reveals heterogeneity and epithelial progenitors. Nature 572, 199\u2013204 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"68962_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shnayder, M. et al. Single cell analysis reveals human cytomegalovirus drives latently infected cells towards an anergic-like monocyte state. Elife 9, e52168 (2020).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52168"},{"key":"68962_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2018.00046","volume":"6","author":"LD Averbukh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Averbukh, L. D. & Wu, G. Y. Evidence for viral induction of biliary atresia: a review. J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol. 6, 410\u2013419 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-010-0309-5","volume":"78","author":"R Yaghobi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaghobi, R. et al. Study of viral infections in infants with biliary atresia. Indian J. Pediatr. 78, 478\u2013481 (2011).","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922811406264","volume":"51","author":"Y Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. The perinatal infection of cytomegalovirus is an important etiology for biliary atresia in China. Clin. Pediatr. 51, 109\u2013113 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s100249900083","volume":"2","author":"GP Jevon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jevon, G. P. & Dimmick, J. E. Biliary atresia and cytomegalovirus infection: a DNA study. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2, 11\u201314 (1999).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dev. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2005.00257.x","volume":"9","author":"RB Fjaer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fjaer, R. B., Bruu, A. L. & Nordbo, S. A. Extrahepatic bile duct atresia and viral involvement. Pediatr. Transpl. 9, 68\u201373 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Transpl."},{"key":"68962_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01416.x","volume":"98","author":"B Fischler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fischler, B., Svensson, J. F. & Nemeth, A. Early cytomegalovirus infection and the long-term outcome of biliary atresia. Acta Paediatr. 98, 1600\u20131602 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0774-2","volume":"168","author":"S Rauschenfels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rauschenfels, S. et al. Incidence of hepatotropic viruses in biliary atresia. Eur. J. Pediatr. 168, 469\u2013476 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s100240010045","volume":"3","author":"R Domiati-Saad","year":"2000","unstructured":"Domiati-Saad, R. et al. Cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 6, but not human papillomavirus, are present in neonatal giant cell hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 3, 367\u2013373 (2000).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dev. Pathol."},{"key":"68962_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazim, H. H., Arif, H. S., Kadhim, H. S., Al-Kahafaji, K. R. & Abdulghafour, K. H.. The Association between biliary atresia and cytomegalovirus hepatitis. J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 35, 269\u2013273 (2015).","DOI":"10.3126\/jnps.v35i3.13547"},{"key":"68962_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4128","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-197111","volume":"114","author":"AK Cheung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheung, A. K. et al. The role of the human cytomegalovirus UL111A gene in down-regulating CD4+ T-cell recognition of latently infected cells: implications for virus elimination during latency. Blood 114, 4128\u20134137 (2009).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"68962_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-026682","volume":"108","author":"AK Cheung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheung, A. K., Abendroth, A., Cunningham, A. L. & Slobedman, B. Viral gene expression during the establishment of human cytomegalovirus latent infection in myeloid progenitor cells. Blood 108, 3691\u20133699 (2006).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"68962_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-110615-042422","volume":"3","author":"F Goodrum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodrum, F. Human cytomegalovirus latency: approaching the Gordian knot. Annu. Rev. Virol. 3, 333\u2013357 (2016).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2144\/000114326","volume":"59","author":"D Lieber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lieber, D. et al. A permanently growing human endothelial cell line supports productive infection with human cytomegalovirus under conditional cell growth arrest. Biotechniques 59, 127\u2013136 (2015).","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"68962_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7628","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.16.7628-7635.2000","volume":"74","author":"M Kahl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kahl, M., Siegel-Axel, D., Stenglein, S., Jahn, G. & Sinzger, C. Efficient lytic infection of human arterial endothelial cells by human cytomegalovirus strains. J. Virol. 74, 7628\u20137635 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5661","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.7.5661-5668.1998","volume":"72","author":"KN Fish","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fish, K. N., Soderberg-Naucler, C., Mills, L. K., Stenglein, S. & Nelson, J. A. Human cytomegalovirus persistently infects aortic endothelial cells. J. Virol. 72, 5661\u20135668 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1086\/515300","volume":"177","author":"JE Grundy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grundy, J. E., Lawson, K. M., MacCormac, L. P., Fletcher, J. M. & Yong, K. L. Cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells recruit neutrophils by the secretion of C-X-C chemokines and transmit virus by direct neutrophil-endothelial cell contact and during neutrophil transendothelial migration. J. Infect. Dis. 177, 1465\u20131474 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"68962_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11539","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01016-06","volume":"80","author":"GL Bentz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bentz, G. L. et al. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of endothelial cells promotes naive monocyte extravasation and transfer of productive virus to enhance hematogenous dissemination of HCMV. J. Virol. 80, 11539\u201311555 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.4.2211-2220.2005","volume":"79","author":"A Rahbar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rahbar, A. & Soderberg-Naucler, C. Human cytomegalovirus infection of endothelial cells triggers platelet adhesion and aggregation. J. Virol. 79, 2211\u20132220 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01313770","volume":"133","author":"SB Woodroffe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Woodroffe, S. B., Garnett, H. M. & Danis, V. A. Interleukin-1 production and cell-activation response to cytomegalovirus infection of vascular endothelial cells. Arch. Virol. 133, 295\u2013308 (1993).","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01618.x","volume":"259","author":"C Soderberg-Naucler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Soderberg-Naucler, C. Does cytomegalovirus play a causative role in the development of various inflammatory diseases and cancer?. J. Intern. Med. 259, 219\u2013246 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"68962_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2798S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.10.2798S","volume":"131","author":"DN Streblow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Streblow, D. N., Orloff, S. L. & Nelson, J. A. Do pathogens accelerate atherosclerosis?. J. Nutr. 131, 2798S\u20132804S (2001).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"68962_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800037105","volume":"105","author":"GL Bentz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bentz, G. L. & Yurochko, A. D. Human CMV infection of endothelial cells induces an angiogenic response through viral binding to EGF receptor and beta1 and beta3 integrins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 5531\u20135536 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"68962_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1548","volume":"182","author":"JD Walker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walker, J. D., Maier, C. L. & Pober, J. S. Cytomegalovirus-infected human endothelial cells can stimulate allogeneic CD4+ memory T cells by releasing antigenic exosomes. J. Immunol. 182, 1548\u20131559 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"68962_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.08.007","volume":"192","author":"XH Liao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liao, X. H. et al. Human cytomegalovirus immediate early protein 2 enhances myocardin-mediated survival of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Virus Res. 192, 85\u201391 (2014).","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"68962_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177391","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1177391","volume":"14","author":"G Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, G. et al. HCMV-IE2 promotes atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cells\u2019 pyroptosis. Front. Microbiol. 14, 1177391 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"68962_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80294-3","volume":"31","author":"PC Evans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Evans, P. C., Coleman, N., Wreghitt, T. G., Wight, D. G. & Alexander, G. J. Cytomegalovirus infection of bile duct epithelial cells, hepatic artery and portal venous endothelium in relation to chronic rejection of liver grafts. J. Hepatol. 31, 913\u2013920 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613073","volume":"110","author":"G Alpini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alpini, G. et al. Morphological, molecular, and functional heterogeneity of cholangiocytes from normal rat liver. Gastroenterology 110, 1636\u20131643 (1996).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"68962_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G769","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00237.2010","volume":"299","author":"S Glaser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glaser, S. et al. Differential transcriptional characteristics of small and large biliary epithelial cells derived from small and large bile ducts. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 299, G769\u2013G777 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"68962_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.07.015","volume":"2","author":"HR Hrncir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hrncir, H. R. & Gracz, A. D. Cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity in the intrahepatic biliary epithelium. Gastro Hep Adv. 2, 108\u2013120 (2023).","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv."},{"key":"68962_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2015.05.005","volume":"1","author":"L Maroni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maroni, L. et al. Functional and structural features of cholangiocytes in health and disease. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1, 368\u2013380 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i22.3481","volume":"12","author":"K Fukushima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fukushima, K. & Ueno, Y. Bioinformatic approach for understanding the heterogeneity of cholangiocytes. World J. Gastroenterol. 12, 3481\u20133486 (2006).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"68962_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290242","volume":"29","author":"GD LeSage","year":"1999","unstructured":"LeSage, G. D. et al. Acute carbon tetrachloride feeding selectively damages large, but not small, cholangiocytes from normal rat liver. Hepatology 29, 307\u2013319 (1999).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"68962_CR128","first-page":"G1289","volume":"276","author":"GD LeSage","year":"1999","unstructured":"LeSage, G. D. et al. Acute carbon tetrachloride feeding induces damage of large but not small cholangiocytes from BDL rat liver. Am. J. Physiol. 276, G1289\u2013G1301 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"68962_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352879","volume":"113","author":"G Alpini","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alpini, G. et al. Functional expression of the apical Na+-dependent bile acid transporter in large but not small rat cholangiocytes. Gastroenterology 113, 1734\u20131740 (1997).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"68962_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2003.00876.x","volume":"23","author":"Y Ueno","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ueno, Y. et al. Evaluation of differential gene expression by microarray analysis in small and large cholangiocytes isolated from normal mice. Liver Int. 23, 449\u2013459 (2003).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"68962_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suo, Y., Thimme, R. & Bengsch, B. Spatial single-cell omics: new insights into liver diseases. Gut https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332105 (2025).","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332105"},{"key":"68962_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harada, K. & Nakanuma, Y. Biliary innate immunity: function and modulation. Mediators Inflamm. 2010, 373878 (2010).","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/373878"},{"key":"68962_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226721","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02267-21","volume":"12","author":"ER Albright","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albright, E. R., Mickelson, C. K. & Kalejta, R. F. Human cytomegalovirus UL138 protein inhibits the STING pathway and reduces interferon beta mRNA accumulation during lytic and latent infections. mBio 12, e0226721 (2021).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"68962_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002498","volume":"8","author":"GR Gariano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gariano, G. R. et al. The intracellular DNA sensor IFI16 gene acts as restriction factor for human cytomegalovirus replication. PLoS Pathog. 8, e1002498 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"68962_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.10.007","volume":"14","author":"T Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, T., Chen, J. & Cristea, I. M. Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pUL83 inhibits IFI16-mediated DNA sensing for immune evasion. Cell Host Microbe 14, 591\u2013599 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"68962_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870316","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.870316","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. The emerging role of Hedgehog signaling in viral infections. Front. Microbiol. 13, 870316 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"68962_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.147","volume":"90","author":"A Pereira Tde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pereira Tde, A. et al. Viral factors induce Hedgehog pathway activation in humans with viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lab. Invest. 90, 1690\u20131703 (2010).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"68962_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05923-1","volume":"7","author":"E Egilmezer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Egilmezer, E., Hamilton, S. T., Foster, C. S. P., Marschall, M. & Rawlinson, W. D. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) dysregulates neurodevelopmental pathways in cerebral organoids. Commun. Biol. 7, 340 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"68962_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86946-0","volume":"11","author":"S Fattahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fattahi, S., Nikbakhsh, N., Ranaei, M., Sabour, D. & Akhavan-Niaki, H. Association of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway genes IHH, BOC, RAB23a and MIR195-5p, MIR509-3-5p, MIR6738-3p with gastric cancer stage. Sci. Rep. 11, 7471 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"68962_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-8-33","volume":"8","author":"T Jaskoll","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jaskoll, T., Abichaker, G., Sedghizadeh, P. P., Bringas, P. Jr. & Melnick, M. Cytomegalovirus induces abnormal chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during embryonic mandibular development. BMC Dev. Biol. 8, 33 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"68962_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009380","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009380","volume":"17","author":"AH Pham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pham, A. H. et al. Human cytomegalovirus blocks canonical TGFbeta signaling during lytic infection to limit induction of type I interferons. PLoS Pathog. 17, e1009380 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"68962_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mezger, M. C. et al. Inhibitors of activin receptor-like kinase 5 interfere with SARS-CoV-2 S-protein processing and spike-mediated cell fusion via attenuation of furin expression. Viruses 14, 1308 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061308"},{"key":"68962_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma, A. et al. TGF-beta inhibitor SB431542 suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication through multistep inhibition. J. Virol. 99, e0052925 (2025).","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00529-25"},{"key":"68962_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001170","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001170","volume":"6","author":"M Shimamura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimamura, M., Murphy-Ullrich, J. E. & Britt, W. J. Human cytomegalovirus induces TGF-beta1 activation in renal tubular epithelial cells after epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PLoS Pathog. 6, e1001170 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"68962_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G845","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.5.G845","volume":"279","author":"RG Wells","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wells, R. G. Fibrogenesis. V. TGF-beta signaling pathways. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 279, G845\u2013G850 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"68962_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24807","volume":"55","author":"SM Brindley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brindley, S. M. et al. Cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell reactivity in biliary atresia at the time of diagnosis is associated with deficits in regulatory T cells. Hepatology 55, 1130\u20131138 (2012).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"68962_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-022-05307-8","volume":"39","author":"S Oita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oita, S. et al. Frequency and function of circulating regulatory T-cells in biliary atresia. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 39, 23 (2022).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"68962_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05547-2","volume":"39","author":"S Oita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oita, S. et al. Frequency of infiltrating regulatory T-cells in the portal tract of biliary atresia. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 39, 259 (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"68962_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.02.005","volume":"50","author":"R Hill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hill, R. et al. Th-17 cells infiltrate the liver in human biliary atresia and are related to surgical outcome. J. Pediatr. Surg. 50, 1297\u20131303 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"68962_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11603-5","volume":"360","author":"JA Bezerra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bezerra, J. A. et al. Genetic induction of proinflammatory immunity in children with biliary atresia. Lancet 360, 1653\u20131659 (2002).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"68962_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700490","volume":"87","author":"YH Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang, Y. H. et al. Expression of toll-like receptors and type 1 interferon specific protein MxA in biliary atresia. Lab. Invest. 87, 66\u201374 (2007).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"68962_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000161414.99181.61","volume":"57","author":"PF Whitington","year":"2005","unstructured":"Whitington, P. F. et al. Expression of osteopontin correlates with portal biliary proliferation and fibrosis in biliary atresia. Pediatr. Res. 57, 837\u2013844 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"68962_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.04.032","volume":"133","author":"CL Mack","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mack, C. L. et al. Oligoclonal expansions of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the target organ of patients with biliary atresia. Gastroenterology 133, 278\u2013287 (2007).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"68962_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq196","volume":"19","author":"MM Garcia-Barcelo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garcia-Barcelo, M. M. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for biliary atresia on 10q24.2. Hum. Mol. Genet. 19, 2917\u20132925 (2010).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"68962_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.07.021","volume":"59","author":"G Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng, G. et al. Common genetic variants regulating ADD3 gene expression alter biliary atresia risk. J. Hepatol. 59, 1285\u20131291 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"68962_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103530","volume":"71","author":"WY Lam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lam, W. Y. et al. Identification of a wide spectrum of ciliary gene mutations in nonsyndromic biliary atresia patients implicates ciliary dysfunction as a novel disease mechanism. EBioMedicine 71, 103530 (2021).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"68962_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103689","volume":"74","author":"U Lendahl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lendahl, U., Lui, V. C. H., Chung, P. H. Y. & Tam, P. K. H. Biliary atresia - emerging diagnostic and therapy opportunities. EBioMedicine 74, 103689 (2021).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"68962_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263836","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1263836","volume":"11","author":"Z Jiachen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiachen, Z., Paul Kwong Hang, T., Kenneth Kak Yuen, W. & Vincent Chi Hang, L. Pathological role of methionine in the initiation and progression of biliary atresia. Front. Pediatr. 11, 1263836 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"68962_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83286-0","volume":"89","author":"C Sinzger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sinzger, C. et al. Cloning and sequencing of a highly productive, endotheliotropic virus strain derived from human cytomegalovirus TB40\/E. J. Gen. Virol. 89, 359\u2013368 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-11-2867","volume":"80","author":"C Sinzger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sinzger, C. et al. Modification of human cytomegalovirus tropism through propagation in vitro is associated with changes in the viral genome. J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2867\u20132877 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"68962_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64704","volume":"123","author":"J Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. PD1-based DNA vaccine amplifies HIV-1 GAG-specific CD8+ T cells in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 2629\u20132642 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"68962_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016000638","volume":"1","author":"AKL Cheung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheung, A. K. L., Huang, Y., Kwok, H. Y., Chen, M. & Chen, Z. Latent human cytomegalovirus enhances HIV-1 infection in CD34(+) progenitor cells. Blood Adv. 1, 306\u2013318 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"68962_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boj, S. F. et al. Forskolin-induced swelling in intestinal organoids: an in vitro assay for assessing drug response in cystic fibrosis patients. J. Vis. Exp. 55159 (2017).","DOI":"10.3791\/55159-v"},{"key":"68962_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2639","volume":"10","author":"S Picelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Picelli, S. et al. Smart-seq2 for sensitive full-length transcriptome profiling in single cells. Nat. Methods 10, 1096\u20131098 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-68962-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-68962-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-68962-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:03:04Z","timestamp":1772812984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-68962-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":164,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["68962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-68962-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2273"}}