{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:35:19Z","timestamp":1788298519660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0H3120N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0H3120N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40007527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40007527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0H3120N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0H3120N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40007527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40007527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GSF\/25\/074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSF\/25\/074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C14\/24\/152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/24\/152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GSF\/25\/074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSF\/25\/074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union Horizon Europe Programme"},{"name":"European Union MSCA4Ukraine fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-69360-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T12:05:23Z","timestamp":1770638723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID-19-related inflammation of the placenta impedes fetal development in pregnant hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yana","family":"Kumpanenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6730-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joran","family":"Degryse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Weynand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-7514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Neyts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"De Clercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1959-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeranddy A.","family":"Alpizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8117-9166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Dallmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"69360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00152","volume":"8","author":"JM Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin, J. M. et al. Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality. Front. Public Health 8, 152 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"69360_CR2","volume":"35","author":"KLT Ganaza-Domingues","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ganaza-Domingues, K. L. T. et al. Effect of comorbidities on the mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Rev. Med. Virol. 35, e70024 (2025).","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"69360_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI87490","volume":"127","author":"K Racicot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Racicot, K. & Mor, G. Risks associated with viral infections during pregnancy. J. Clin. Investig. 127, 1591\u20131599 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"69360_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112886","volume":"11","author":"S Virk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Virk, S. et al. Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes across trimesters in the United States. Biomedicines 11, 2886 (2023).","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"69360_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92357-y","volume":"11","author":"M Vouga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vouga, M. et al. Maternal outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 severity among pregnant women. Sci. Rep. 11, 13898 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"69360_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3320","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3320","volume":"370","author":"J Allotey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allotey, J. et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 370, m3320 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"69360_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1190","volume":"327","author":"TD Metz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Metz, T. D. et al. Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with serious maternal morbidity and mortality from obstetric complications. JAMA 327, 748\u2013759 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"69360_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007323","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00073-23","volume":"37","author":"PS Creisher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Creisher, P. S. & Klein, S. L. Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 37, e0007323 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"69360_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00610-y","volume":"20","author":"CJ Megli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Megli, C. J. & Coyne, C. B. Infections at the maternal\u2013fetal interface: an overview of pathogenesis and defence. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 20, 67\u201382 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"69360_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2017-0096","volume":"13","author":"LK Somerville","year":"2018","unstructured":"Somerville, L. K., Basile, K., Dwyer, D. E. & Kok, J. The impact of influenza virus infection in pregnancy. Future Microbiol. 13, 263\u2013274 (2018).","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"69360_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14212443","volume":"14","author":"C Stolojanu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stolojanu, C. et al. COVID-19 and its potential impact on children born to mothers infected during pregnancy: a comprehensive review. Diagnostics (Basel) 14, 2443 (2024).","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"69360_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4550","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054550","volume":"24","author":"YP Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong, Y. P., Tan, G. C. & Khong, T. Y. SARS-CoV-2 transplacental transmission: a rare occurrence? An overview of the protective role of the placenta. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 4550 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"69360_CR13","volume":"16","author":"S Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, S. et al. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in fetal organs via intraamniotic infection. Nat. Commun. 16, 10261 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"69360_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2022-0029-SA","volume":"146","author":"DA Schwartz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwartz, D. A. et al. Placental tissue destruction and insufficiency from COVID-19 causes stillbirth and neonatal death from hypoxic-ischemic injury. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 146, 660\u2013676 (2022).","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"69360_CR15","volume":"48","author":"A Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, A. et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on the placenta and fetus. Semin. Perinatol. 48, 151919 (2024).","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"69360_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raval, P. et al. Differences in placental pathologic features by trimester of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 28, 264\u2013272 (2025).","DOI":"10.1177\/10935266251332697"},{"key":"69360_CR17","volume":"9","author":"HC Ezechukwu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ezechukwu, H. C. et al. Fetoplacental transmission and placental response to SARS-CoV-2: evidence from the literature. Front. Med. (Lausanne) 9, 962937 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"69360_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11081289","volume":"11","author":"V Gianfredi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gianfredi, V. et al. A systematic review of population-based studies assessing knowledge, attitudes, acceptance, and hesitancy of pregnant and breastfeeding women towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 11, 1289 (2023).","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"69360_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7239a4","volume":"72","author":"H Razzaghi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Razzaghi, H. et al. Influenza, Tdap, and COVID-19 vaccination coverage and hesitancy among pregnant women\u2014United States, April 2023. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 72, 1065\u20131071 (2023).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"69360_CR20","volume":"55","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, C. et al. Effects of COVID-19 vaccination on human fertility: a post-pandemic literature review. Ann. Med. 55, 2261964 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"69360_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.03.038","volume":"41","author":"A Ciapponi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ciapponi, A. et al. Safety of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 41, 3688\u20133700 (2023).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"69360_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071507","volume":"14","author":"E Bestion","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bestion, E., Halfon, P., Mezouar, S. & Mege, J. L. Cell and animal models for SARS-CoV-2 research. Viruses 14, 1507 (2022).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"69360_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01122-w","volume":"21","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. SARS-CoV-2 immunity in animal models. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 21, 119\u2013133 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"69360_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy049","volume":"99","author":"MJ Soares","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soares, M. J., Varberg, K. M. & Iqbal, K. Hemochorial placentation: development, function, and adaptations. Biol. Reprod. 99, 196\u2013211 (2018).","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"69360_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2014.01.015","volume":"387","author":"A Rai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rai, A. & Cross, J. C. Development of the hemochorial maternal vascular spaces in the placenta through endothelial and vasculogenic mimicry. Dev. Biol. 387, 131\u2013141 (2014).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"69360_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aat6114","volume":"4","author":"SE Ander","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ander, S. E., Diamond, M. S. & Coyne, C. B. Immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface. Sci. Immunol. 4, eaat6114 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"69360_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.11.002","volume":"28","author":"AM Carter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carter, A. M. Animal models of human placentation\u2014a review. Placenta 28(Suppl. A), S41\u2013S47 (2007).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"69360_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1794-x","volume":"72","author":"F Soncin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soncin, F., Natale, D. & Parast, M. M. Signaling pathways in mouse and human trophoblast differentiation: a comparative review. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72, 1291\u20131302 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"69360_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.22.0143","volume":"36","author":"B Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, B. et al. Effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during pregnancy in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Anim. Biosci. 36, 43\u201352 (2023).","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"69360_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI170687","volume":"133","author":"PS Creisher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Creisher, P. S. et al. Adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant mice are gestational age-dependent and resolve with antiviral treatment. J. Clin. Investig. 133, e170687 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"69360_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19684-y","volume":"11","author":"R Boudewijns","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boudewijns, R. et al. STAT2 signaling restricts viral dissemination but drives severe pneumonia in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters. Nat. Commun. 11, 5838 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"69360_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-3035-9","volume":"590","author":"L Sanchez-Felipe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanchez-Felipe, L. et al. A single-dose live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. Nature 590, 320\u2013325 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"69360_CR33","volume":"13","author":"S Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma, S. et al. Updated vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron (B.1.1.529) and prevents transmission in hamsters. Nat. Commun. 13, 6644 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"69360_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014441117","volume":"117","author":"SJF Kaptein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaptein, S. J. F. et al. Favipiravir at high doses has potent antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, whereas hydroxychloroquine lacks activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117, 26955\u201326965 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"69360_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220284","volume":"137","author":"DL Gumina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gumina, D. L. & Su, E. J. Mechanistic insights into the development of severe fetal growth restriction. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 137, 679\u2013695 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"69360_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010122","volume":"16","author":"R Abdelnabi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelnabi, R., Lassauniere, R., Maes, P., Weynand, B. & Neyts, J. Comparing the infectivity of recent SARS-CoV-2 omicron sub-variants in Syrian hamsters. Viruses 16, 122 (2024).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"69360_CR37","first-page":"65","volume":"175","author":"A Ogura","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ogura, A., Nishida, T., Hayashi, Y. & Mochida, K. The development of the uteroplacental vascular system in the golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus. J. Anat. 175, 65\u201377 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"69360_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103403","volume":"68","author":"R Abdelnabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelnabi, R. et al. Comparing infectivity and virulence of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Syrian hamsters. EBioMedicine 68, 103403 (2021).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"69360_CR39","volume":"24","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Li, Z. & Deng, Y. Comprehensive reference intervals for white blood cell counts during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 24, 35 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"69360_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-012-0175-6","volume":"28","author":"S Chandra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chandra, S., Tripathi, A. K., Mishra, S., Amzarul, M. & Vaish, A. K. Physiological changes in hematological parameters during pregnancy. Indian J. Hematol. Blood Transfus. 28, 144\u2013146 (2012).","journal-title":"Indian J. Hematol. Blood Transfus."},{"key":"69360_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25030-7","volume":"12","author":"G Nouailles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nouailles, G. et al. Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19. Nat. Commun. 12, 4869 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"69360_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377195","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1377195","volume":"12","author":"P Alur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alur, P., Holla, I. & Hussain, N. Impact of sex, race, and social determinants of health on neonatal outcomes. Front. Pediatr. 12, 1377195 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"69360_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e234415","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.4415","volume":"6","author":"AG Edlow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Edlow, A. G. et al. Sex-specific neurodevelopmental outcomes among offspring of mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. JAMA Netw. Open 6, e234415 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"69360_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141084","volume":"14","author":"G Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee, G., Andrade, G. M., Kim, Y. J. & Anumba, D. O. C. The sex difference in the pathophysiology of preterm birth. Cells 14, 1084 (2025).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"69360_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130295","volume":"211","author":"T Cotechini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cotechini, T. et al. Inflammation in rat pregnancy inhibits spiral artery remodeling leading to fetal growth restriction and features of preeclampsia. J. Exp. Med. 211, 165\u2013179 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"69360_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.02.003","volume":"28","author":"AP Radan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Radan, A. P. et al. Low placental weight and altered metabolic scaling after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infection during pregnancy: a prospective multicentric study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 28, 718\u2013722 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"69360_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01924","volume":"10","author":"AM Weckman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weckman, A. M., Ngai, M., Wright, J., McDonald, C. R. & Kain, K. C. The impact of infection in pregnancy on placental vascular development and adverse birth outcomes. Front. Microbiol. 10, 1924 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"69360_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao1680","volume":"3","author":"LJ Yockey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yockey, L. J. et al. Type I interferons instigate fetal demise after Zika virus infection. Sci. Immunol. 3, eaao1680 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"69360_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0639-4","volume":"33","author":"JL Hecht","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hecht, J. L. et al. SARS-CoV-2 can infect the placenta and is not associated with specific placental histopathology: a series of 19 placentas from COVID-19-positive mothers. Mod. Pathol. 33, 2092\u20132103 (2020).","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"69360_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00552-6","volume":"4","author":"N Wanner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wanner, N. et al. Molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 liver tropism. Nat. Metab. 4, 310\u2013319 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"69360_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2001.0738","volume":"23","author":"P Georgiades","year":"2002","unstructured":"Georgiades, P., Ferguson-Smith, A. C. & Burton, G. J. Comparative developmental anatomy of the murine and human definitive placentae. Placenta 23, 3\u201319 (2002).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"69360_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods, L., Perez-Garcia, V. & Hemberger, M. Regulation of placental development and its impact on fetal growth\u2014new insights from mouse models. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 9, 570 (2018).","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00570"},{"key":"69360_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13927","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902688116","volume":"116","author":"K De Clercq","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Clercq, K. et al. High-resolution contrast-enhanced microCT reveals the true three-dimensional morphology of the murine placenta. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 13927\u201313936 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"69360_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ.10302","volume":"8","author":"VK Minior","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minior, V. K., Levine, B., Ferber, A., Guller, S. & Divon, M. Y. Nucleated red blood cells as a marker of acute and chronic fetal hypoxia in a rat model. Rambam Maimonides Med. J. 8, e0025 (2017).","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Med. J."},{"key":"69360_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00762-9","volume":"22","author":"EM Conway","year":"2022","unstructured":"Conway, E. M. et al. Understanding COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 22, 639\u2013649 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"69360_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.001","volume":"228","author":"DA Schwartz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schwartz, D. A., Mulkey, S. B. & Roberts, D. J. SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, stillbirth, and maternal COVID-19 vaccination: clinical-pathologic correlations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 228, 261\u2013269 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"69360_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031949","volume":"20","author":"VN Varlas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Varlas, V. N. et al. Thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women with COVID-19: an unsolved issue. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20, 1949 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"69360_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01124-z","volume":"37","author":"B Jacobson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacobson, B. et al. Safety and efficacy of enoxaparin in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv. Ther. 37, 27\u201340 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"69360_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800565","volume":"201","author":"HL Anderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson, H. L., Brodsky, I. E. & Mangalmurti, N. S. The evolving erythrocyte: red blood cells as modulators of innate immunity. J. Immunol. 201, 1343\u20131351 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"69360_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006910","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006910","volume":"14","author":"I Nombela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nombela, I. & Ortega-Villaizan, M. D. M. Nucleated red blood cells: immune cell mediators of the antiviral response. PLoS Pathog. 14, e1006910 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"69360_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122591","volume":"12","author":"J Degryse","year":"2024","unstructured":"Degryse, J. et al. Antigenic imprinting dominates humoral responses to new variants of SARS-CoV-2 in a Hamster model of COVID-19. Microorganisms 12, 2591 (2024).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"69360_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.03.010","volume":"25","author":"LH Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, L. H. et al. Biodistribution and environmental safety of a live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 25, 215\u2013224 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"69360_CR63","volume":"55","author":"P Garcia-Aguilar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garcia-Aguilar, P. et al. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on perinatal outcomes by disease severity and trimester of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. J. Gynecol. Obstet. Hum. Reprod. 55, 103058 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Obstet. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"69360_CR64","first-page":"121","volume":"22","author":"M Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, M. et al. CXCL10\/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 22, 121\u2013130 (2011).","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"69360_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.041","volume":"213","author":"CJ Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, C. J., Romero, R., Chaemsaithong, P. & Kim, J. S. Chronic inflammation of the placenta: definition, classification, pathogenesis, and clinical significance. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 213, S53\u2013S69 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"69360_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050701483298","volume":"20","author":"F Gotsch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gotsch, F. et al. CXCL10\/IP-10: a missing link between inflammation and anti-angiogenesis in preeclampsia? J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 20, 777\u2013792 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"69360_CR67","volume":"23","author":"JA Hoffmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoffmann, J. A., Grundler, K., Richter, D. U. & Stubert, J. Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth using CCL2 and CXCL10 in maternal serum of symptomatic high-risk pregnant women: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 23, 697 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"69360_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2023.06.003","volume":"4","author":"ER Barrozo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barrozo, E. R. et al. SARS-CoV-2 niches in human placenta revealed by spatial transcriptomics. Med 4, 612\u2013634 e614 (2023).","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"69360_CR69","volume":"11","author":"AP Radan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Radan, A. P. et al. SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the placenta after maternal infection during pregnancy. Front. Med. (Lausanne) 11, 1439181 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"69360_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.10.012","volume":"363","author":"J Plasek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Plasek, J. et al. COVID-19 associated coagulopathy: mechanisms and host-directed treatment. Am. J. Med. Sci. 363, 465\u2013475 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"69360_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2022-0452","volume":"51","author":"A Dagelic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dagelic, A. et al. Does COVID-19 infection acquired in different pregnancy trimester influence placental pathology? J. Perinat. Med. 51, 607\u2013613 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"69360_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2003.046","volume":"31","author":"AA Baschat","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baschat, A. A., Gembruch, U., Reiss, I., Gortner, L. & Harman, C. R. Neonatal nucleated red blood cell count and postpartum complications in growth restricted fetuses. J. Perinat. Med. 31, 323\u2013329 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"69360_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050797","volume":"13","author":"C Julia-Burches","year":"2023","unstructured":"Julia-Burches, C. & Martinez-Varea, A. An update on COVID-19 vaccination and pregnancy. J. Pers. Med. 13, 797 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"69360_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2024.03.008","volume":"149","author":"S Tartaglia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tartaglia, S. et al. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on placental histopathology: comparison of a population of uncomplicated COVID-19 positive pregnant women. Placenta 149, 64\u201371 (2024).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"69360_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.06.015","volume":"112","author":"CL McMahon","year":"2023","unstructured":"McMahon, C. L. et al. Fetal brain vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Behav. Immun. 112, 188\u2013205 (2023).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"69360_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.179068","volume":"9","author":"CL McMahon","year":"2024","unstructured":"McMahon, C. L. et al. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection results in neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in mice. JCI Insight 9, e179068 (2024).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"69360_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62048-7","volume":"16","author":"A Coleon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Coleon, A. et al. Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem. Nat. Commun. 16, 6714 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"69360_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1646616","volume":"16","author":"C Ruiz-Casas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruiz-Casas, C. et al. Long-term neurocognitive outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model. Front. Microbiol. 16, 1646616 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"69360_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05542-y","volume":"612","author":"SR Stein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stein, S. R. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy. Nature 612, 758\u2013763 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"69360_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)35190-8","volume":"34","author":"A Shrim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shrim, A., Koren, G., Yudin, M. H., Farine, D. & Maternal Fetal Medicine, C. Management of varicella infection (chickenpox) in pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 34, 287\u2013292 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"69360_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102594","volume":"72","author":"A Khalil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khalil, A., Samara, A., Campbell, C. & Ladhani, S. N. Pregnant women and measles: we need to be vigilant during outbreaks. EClinicalMedicine 72, 102594 (2024).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"69360_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.06.020","volume":"263","author":"IA Babarinsa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Babarinsa, I. A., Okunoye, G. O. & Odukoya, O. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in pregnancy\u2014an overview. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 263, 171\u2013175 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"69360_CR83","volume":"24","author":"SM Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, S. M. et al. COVID-19 and pregnancy: a comprehensive study of comorbidities and outcomes. BMC Public Health 24, 3157 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"69360_CR84","volume":"24","author":"M Shabil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shabil, M. et al. Maternal COVID-19 infection and risk of respiratory distress syndrome among newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect. Dis. 24, 1318 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"69360_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000006112","volume":"147","author":"LL Shook","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shook, L. L., Castro, V., Ibanez-Pintor, L., Perlis, R. H. & Edlow, A. G. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of 3-year-old children exposed to maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in utero. Obstet. Gynecol. 147, 11\u201320 (2026).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"69360_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23998","volume":"32","author":"LL Shook","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shook, L. L. et al. Offspring cardiometabolic outcomes and postnatal growth trajectories after exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Obesity (Silver Spring) 32, 969\u2013978 (2024).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"69360_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101389","volume":"47","author":"S Stenton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stenton, S. et al. SARS-COV2 placentitis and pregnancy outcome: a multicentre experience during the Alpha and early Delta waves of coronavirus pandemic in England. EClinicalMedicine 47, 101389 (2022).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"69360_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105253","volume":"198","author":"R Abdelnabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelnabi, R. et al. The omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern does not readily infect Syrian hamsters. Antivir. Res. 198, 105253 (2022).","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"69360_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17747","volume":"27","author":"M Arabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arabi, M. et al. Severity of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant compared with the previous lineages: a systematic review. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 27, 1443\u20131464 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"69360_CR90","volume":"15","author":"J Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao, J. et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes and clinical laboratory testing of pregnant women with COVID-19 during the BA.5.2\/BF.7 surge. Virulence 15, 2360130 (2024).","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"69360_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00255-0","volume":"5","author":"L Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, L. et al. Durability and cross-reactive immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 2 years after recovery from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Microbe 5, e24\u2013e33 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"69360_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.10.005","volume":"99","author":"JB Armengaud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Armengaud, J. B., Yzydorczyk, C., Siddeek, B., Peyter, A. C. & Simeoni, U. Intrauterine growth restriction: clinical consequences on health and disease at adulthood. Reprod. Toxicol. 99, 168\u2013176 (2021).","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"69360_CR93","unstructured":"Ristl, R. Sample Size Calculator https:\/\/homepage.univie.ac.at\/robin.ristl\/samplesize.php (2025)."},{"key":"69360_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315607668","volume":"44","author":"FJ Chanut","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chanut, F. J. & Williams, A. M. The Syrian Golden Hamster estrous cycle: unique characteristics, visual guide to staging, and comparison with the rat. Toxicol. Pathol. 44, 43\u201350 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"69360_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schindelin, J. et al. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat. Methods 9, 676\u2013682 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"69360_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19222-4","volume":"12","author":"C Blaurock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blaurock, C. et al. Compellingly high SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of Golden Syrian hamsters suggests multiple zoonotic infections of pet hamsters during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci. Rep. 12, 15069 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"69360_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumpanenko, Y., Piessens, L., Neven, V., Dallmeier, K. & Alpizar, Y. A. PRSSLY-based molecular sex determination of Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) pups using placental tissues. Genes  17, 143 (2026).","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17020143"},{"key":"69360_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v5.i2.85","volume":"5","author":"MA Ramakrishnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, M. A. Determination of 50% endpoint titer using a simple formula. World J. Virol. 5, 85\u201386 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Virol."},{"key":"69360_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2020-0280LE","volume":"63","author":"AD Gruber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gruber, A. D. et al. Standardization of reporting criteria for lung pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters: what matters? Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 63, 856\u2013859 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"69360_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2022.0290","volume":"32","author":"BV Natale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Natale, B. V. et al. Extracellular matrix influences gene expression and differentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 32, 622\u2013637 (2023).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"69360_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15928","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515076112","volume":"112","author":"AL Winship","year":"2015","unstructured":"Winship, A. L. et al. Interleukin-11 alters placentation and causes preeclampsia features in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 15928\u201315933 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"69360_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233211042270","volume":"50","author":"SA Elmore","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elmore, S. A. et al. Histology Atlas of the developing mouse placenta. Toxicol. Pathol. 50, 60\u2013117 (2022).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"69360_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23271","volume":"86","author":"J Lopez-Tello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopez-Tello, J., Arias-Alvarez, M., Gonzalez-Bulnes, A. & Sferuzzi-Perri, A. N. Models of Intrauterine growth restriction and fetal programming in rabbits. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 86, 1781\u20131809 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-69360-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-69360-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-69360-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:06:30Z","timestamp":1773770790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-69360-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["69360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-69360-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"K.D. and J.N. are mentioned as inventors on a patent application describing the construction and use of YF17D-based COVID-19 vaccines (EP4110380A1). The patent does not restrict academic research use of the described vaccine constructs; nor does it impose any restrictions on the publication, sharing, or reuse of the data presented in this study. All other authors declare to have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2520"}}