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Existing fluorescence-based approaches to imaging plant defence hormones are constrained by the need for external illumination and by autofluorescence of plant tissues, while luminescence-based ones require exogenous substrates. Here, we use jasmonate- and salicylate-responsive promoters to engineer autoluminescent plants that report hormone signalling activity with up to a 53-fold contrast. Using consumer-grade cameras, we image reporter\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants throughout normal development and in response to pest and pathogen attacks, visualising local and systemic responses. Because the luminescence is self-sustained, these reporters enable non-invasive, substrate-free imaging of defence signalling over extended time courses without specialised equipment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-70075-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:44:30Z","timestamp":1773413070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Non-invasive imaging of defence responses in plants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anastasia V.","family":"Balakireva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana 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