{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T06:06:22Z","timestamp":1793685982578,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52573186, 52373162, 82572862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52573186, 52373162, 82572862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F252056, L256034, L244037, 7262018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F252056, L256034, L244037, 7262018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024048519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024048519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bioadhesives represent promising alternatives to sutures towards gastric perforation management, however, significant challenges persist concerning instant wet adhesion and durable stability in gastric perforation sealing, particularly in direct contacting with acidic gastric fluids on large perforation injuries. Here we report an injectable acid-tolerant hydrogel composed of FDA-approved components for sutureless repair of large gastric defects. The hydrogel displays rapid in situ gelation, instant wet adhesion, and high burst pressure for efficient sealing despite excessive mechanical challenges, tissue irregularities and gastric juices. The enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions among amide-linked skeleton enable robust acid-tolerant interfaces to accommodate durable adhesion under the fluidically, chemically and mechanically dynamic in-vivo environments. A larger-scale porcine gastric perforation is applied to validate the sealing efficacy via a combined laparoscopic-endoscopic technique. The negligible postoperative adhesion, suppressed inflammation and interference-free transcriptome and microbiome verify the therapeutic outcomes. The proposed bioadhesives hold great promise for clinical treatment of digestive diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-71031-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T04:13:37Z","timestamp":1774325617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acid-tolerant injectable bioadhesive for sutureless repair of large gastric perforation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1732-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ze","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longsong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3926-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"71031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2017.10.014","volume":"30","author":"MA Revell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Revell, M. A., Pugh, M. A. & McGhee, M. Gastrointestinal traumatic injuries: gastrointestinal perforation. Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am. 30, 157\u2013166 (2018).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"71031_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900637","volume":"12","author":"C Bloechle","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bloechle, C. et al. Laparoscopic vs open repair of gastric perforation and abdominal lavage of associated peritonitis in pigs. Surg. Endosc. 12, 212\u2013218 (1998).","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"71031_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2506-4","volume":"18","author":"J Hammond","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hammond, J., Lim, S., Wan, Y., Gao, X. & Patkar, A. The burden of gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks: an evaluation of clinical and economic outcomes. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 18, 1176\u20131185 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"71031_CR4","first-page":"4","volume":"4","author":"F Khalifeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khalifeh, F. Colorectal anastomotic leaks: a brief review of current literature. World J. Colorectal Surg. 4, 4 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Colorectal Surg."},{"key":"71031_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0171-7","volume":"5","author":"GM Taboada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taboada, G. M. et al. Overcoming the translational barriers of tissue adhesives. Nat. Rev. Mater. 5, 310\u2013329 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-2340-y","volume":"38","author":"J Blumetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blumetti, J. et al. Management of anastomotic leak: lessons learned from a large colon and rectal surgery training program. World J. Surg. 38, 985\u2013991 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"71031_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1710-5","volume":"575","author":"H Yuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuk, H. et al. Dry double-sided tape for adhesion of wet tissues and devices. Nature 575, 169\u2013174 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"71031_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15497","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006389117","volume":"117","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, X., Yuk, H., Wu, J., Nabzdyk, C. S. & Zhao, X. Instant tough bioadhesive with triggerable benign detachment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117, 15497\u201315503 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"71031_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58059-z","volume":"16","author":"H He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He, H. et al. Injectable bioadhesive and lubricating hydrogel with polyphenol mediated single atom nanozyme for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Nat. Commun. 16, 2768 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"71031_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55245-3","volume":"16","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Coordinatively stiffen and toughen polymeric gels via the synergy of crystal-domain cross-linking and chelation cross-linking. Nat. Commun. 16, 320 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"71031_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6362","volume":"357","author":"J Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces. Science 357, 378\u2013381 (2017).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"71031_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aba8014","volume":"12","author":"X Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. Bioadhesive hydrogels demonstrating pH-independent and ultrafast gelation promote gastric ulcer healing in pigs. Sci. Transl. Med. 12, eaba8014 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"71031_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav1281","volume":"5","author":"SE Shirzaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shirzaei, S. E. et al. Sutureless repair of corneal injuries using naturally derived bioadhesive hydrogels. Sci. Adv. 5, eaav1281 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"71031_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nwae160","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae160","volume":"11","author":"XL Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng, X. L. et al. Ultrafast self-gelling powder mediates robust wet adhesion to promote healing of gastrointestinal defects. Natl. Sci. Rev. 11, nwae160 (2024).","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"71031_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe8739","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe8739","volume":"7","author":"X Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng, X. et al. Ultrafast self-gelling powder mediates robust wet adhesion to promote healing of gastrointestinal perforations. Sci. Adv. 7, eabe8739 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"71031_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaai7466","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai7466","volume":"9","author":"N Annabi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Annabi, N. et al. Engineering a highly elastic human protein-based sealant for surgical applications. Sci. Transl. Med. 9, eaai7466 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"71031_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11336","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00798","volume":"121","author":"S Nam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nam, S. & Mooney, D. Polymeric tissue adhesives. Chem. Rev. 121, 11336\u201311384 (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"71031_CR18","first-page":"1383","volume":"61","author":"TB Bruns","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bruns, T. B. & Worthington, J. M. Using tissue adhesive for wound repair: a practical guide to Dermabond. Am. Fam. Physician 61, 1383\u20131388 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"71031_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9521","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02083","volume":"17","author":"J Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, J. et al. Hybrid dry powders for rapid sealing of gastric perforations under an endoscope. ACS Nano 17, 9521\u20139528 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"71031_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.124843","volume":"16","author":"L Ma","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ma, L., Gu, F., Hu, J., Wang, X. & Yang, Y. W. Hydrogel adhesives for upper gastrointestinal wound healing. Theranostics 16, 2221\u20132248 (2026).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"71031_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408479","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202408479","volume":"24","author":"ZH Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Z. H. et al. A sprayable Janus hydrogel as an effective bioadhesive for gastrointestinal perforation repair. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 2408479 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08355-2","volume":"10","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Ingestible hydrogel device. Nat. Commun. 10, 493 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"71031_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05247","volume":"17","author":"S Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Endoscopy deliverable and mushroom-cap-inspired hyperboloid-shaped drug-laden bioadhesive hydrogel for stomach perforation repair. ACS Nano 17, 111\u2013126 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"71031_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10004-7","volume":"10","author":"Y Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong, Y. et al. A strongly adhesive hemostatic hydrogel for the repair of arterial and heart bleeds. Nat. Commun. 10, 2060 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"71031_CR25","first-page":"703","volume":"19","author":"J Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Robust hydrogel adhesives for emergency rescue and gastric perforation repair. Bioact. Mater. 19, 703\u2013716 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202300312","volume":"41","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. In situ injectable tetra-peg hydrogel bioadhesive for sutureless repair of gastrointestinal perforation. Chin. J. Chem. 41, 3339\u20133348 (2023).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"71031_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9913","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c01199","volume":"15","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, W. et al. Injectable self-healing hydrogel via biological environment-adaptive supramolecular assembly for gastric perforation healing. ACS Nano 15, 9913\u20139923 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"71031_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005689","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202005689","volume":"30","author":"C Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui, C. et al. A janus hydrogel wet adhesive for internal tissue repair and anti-postoperative adhesion. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 2005689 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404082","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202404082","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Janus\u201d zwitterionic hydrogel patch for tissue repair and prevention of post-operative adhesions. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 14, 2404082 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.102105","volume":"54","author":"YQ Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang, Y. Q. et al. A Janus hydrogel sealant with instant wet adhesion and anti-swelling behavior for gastric perforation repair. Nano Today 54, 102105 (2024).","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"71031_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abh2857","volume":"14","author":"J Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, J. et al. An off-the-shelf bioadhesive patch for sutureless repair of gastrointestinal defects. Sci. Transl. Med. 14, eabh2857 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"71031_CR32","first-page":"52","volume":"14","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. An adhesive and resilient hydrogel for the sealing and treatment of gastric perforation. Bioact. Mater. 14, 52\u201360 (2022).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410070084017","volume":"124","author":"TV Berne","year":"1989","unstructured":"Berne, T. V. & Donovan, A. J. Nonoperative treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer. Arch. Surg. 124, 830\u2013832 (1989).","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"71031_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.01.050","volume":"65","author":"K Sumiyama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sumiyama, K. et al. Endoscopic full-thickness closure of large gastric perforations by use of tissue anchors. Gastrointest. Endosc. 65, 134\u2013139 (2007).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"71031_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202285","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202202285","volume":"32","author":"XM Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, X. M. et al. Hydrogel bioadhesives with extreme acid-tolerance for gastric perforation repairing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2202285 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201798","volume":"11","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Instant and tough adhesives for rapid gastric perforation and traumatic pneumothorax sealing. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 11, e2201798 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202105571","volume":"9","author":"YR Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y. R. et al. Kartogenin-conjugated double-network hydrogel combined with stem cell transplantation and tracing for cartilage repair. Adv. Sci. 9, e2105571 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"71031_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-021-00323-z","volume":"5","author":"B Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, B., Dong, R., Liang, Y. & Li, M. Hemostatic materials for wound healing applications. Nat. Rev. Chem. 5, 773\u2013791 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"71031_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901580","volume":"31","author":"YZ Bu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bu, Y. Z. et al. Tetra-PEG based hydrogel sealants for in vivo visceral hemostasis. Adv. Mater. 31, e1901580 (2019).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR40","first-page":"194","volume":"20","author":"BB Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, B. B. et al. Protein-spatiotemporal partition releasing gradient porous scaffolds and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant regulation remodel tissue engineered anisotropic meniscus. Bioact. Mater. 20, 194\u2013207 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR41","first-page":"12","volume":"8","author":"TJ Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu, T. J. et al. High efficacy of tetra-PEG hydrogel sealants for sutureless dural closure. Bioact. Mater. 8, 12\u201319 (2022).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"71031_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517513483862","volume":"83","author":"G Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, G., Li, Y., Lan, P., He, X. & Hu, H. Polydioxanone weft-knitted intestinal stents: fabrication and mechanics optimization. Text. Res. J. 83, 2129\u20132141 (2013).","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"71031_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.0223003","volume":"12","author":"STR Walsh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walsh, S. T. R. et al. The hydration of amides in helices; a comprehensive picture from molecular dynamics, IR, and NMR. Protein Sci. 12, 520\u2013531 (2003).","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"71031_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00151a006","volume":"18","author":"DJ Skrovanek","year":"1985","unstructured":"Skrovanek, D. J., Howe, S. E., Painter, P. C. & Coleman, M. M. Hydrogen bonding in polymers: infrared temperature studies of an amorphous polyamide. Macromolecules 18, 1676\u20131683 (1985).","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"71031_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.26068","volume":"40","author":"S Emamian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emamian, S., Lu, T., Kruse, H. & Emamian, H. Exploring nature and predicting strength of hydrogen bonds: a correlation analysis between atoms-in molecules descriptors, binding energies, and energy components of symmetry adapted perturbation theory. J. Comput. Chem. 40, 2868\u20132881 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"71031_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30430","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c05400","volume":"16","author":"CW Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, C. W. et al. Hybrid double-sided tape with asymmetrical adhesion and burst pressure tolerance for abdominal injury treatment. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16, 30430\u201330442 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"71031_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.12.026","volume":"36","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, X., Liu, J., Lin, S. & Zhao, X. Hydrogel machines. Mater. Today 36, 102\u2013124 (2020).","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"71031_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14871-3","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Fatigue-resistant adhesion of hydrogels. Nat. Commun. 11, 1071 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"71031_CR49","volume":"9","author":"B Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao, B. et al. Oral administration of asparagine and 3-indolepropionic acid prolongs survival time of rats with traumatic colon injury. Mil. Med. Res. 9, 37 (2022).","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"71031_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.141","volume":"2","author":"B Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, B. et al. Melatonin supplementation protects against traumatic colon injury by regulating SERPINA3N protein expression. Imeta 2, e141 (2023).","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"key":"71031_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11623","DOI":"10.1021\/j100096a001","volume":"98","author":"PJ Stephens","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stephens, P. J., Devlin, F. J., Chabalowski, C. F. & Frisch, M. J. Ab initio calculation of vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra using density functional force fields. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 11623\u201311627 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"71031_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3382344","volume":"132","author":"S Grimme","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grimme, S., Antony, J., Ehrlich, S. & Krieg, H. A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu. J. Chem. Phys. 132, 154104 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"71031_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21759","volume":"32","author":"S Grimme","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grimme, S., Ehrlich, S. & Goerigk, L. Effect of the damping function in dispersion corrected density functional theory. J. Comput. Chem. 32, 1456\u20131465 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"71031_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/00268977400100171","volume":"27","author":"PC Hariharan","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hariharan, P. C. & Pople, J. A. Accuracy of AHn equilibrium geometries by single determinant molecular orbital theory. Mol. Phys. 27, 209\u2013214 (1974).","journal-title":"Mol. Phys."},{"key":"71031_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00214-007-0310-x","volume":"120","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. & Truhlar, D. G. The M06 suite of density functionals for main group thermochemistry, thermochemical kinetics, noncovalent interactions, excited states, and transition elements: two new functionals and systematic testing of four M06-class functionals and 12 other functionals. Theor. Chem. Acc. 120, 215\u2013241 (2008).","journal-title":"Theor. Chem. Acc."},{"key":"71031_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4814","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.9b00725","volume":"59","author":"BP Pritchard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pritchard, B. P. et al. A new basis set exchange: an open, up-to-date resource for the molecular sciences community. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 59, 4814\u20134820 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"71031_CR57","unstructured":"Frisch, M. J. et al. Gaussian 16 Revision A.03. Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford, CT (2016)."},{"key":"71031_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bader, R. F. W. Atoms in Molecules: a Quantum Theory (Oxford University Press, 1990).","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198551683.001.0001"},{"key":"71031_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"082503","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0216272","volume":"161","author":"T Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, T. A comprehensive electron wavefunction analysis toolbox for chemists, multiwfn. J. Chem. Phys. 161, 082503 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71031-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71031-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71031-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T01:03:34Z","timestamp":1778720614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-71031-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["71031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-71031-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4364"}}