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However, limited experimental evidence constrains the mechanistic representation of nutrient\u2013carbon interactions in climate change models. Here, we conducted an experiment in a P-depleted Amazonian understory forest, increasing atmospheric CO\u2082 in-situ by approximately 300 ppm using open-top chambers. We show that elevated CO\u2082 (eCO\u2082) induced contrasting responses by roots along the litter\u2013soil continuum that could facilitate nutrient uptake. Litter-layer roots maintained net productivity but increased specific root length under eCO\u2082, indicating enhanced foraging efficiency. In contrast, soil-based roots reduced productivity but showed increased arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Additionally, eCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    caused a significant decline in soil organic P. Our findings suggest that eCO\u2082 intensifies competition for P between plant roots and soil microorganisms, leading to changes in litter and soil P pools and exacerbating already strong nutrient constraints. Such spatially divergent adjustments in root nutrient acquisition strategies may critically regulate plant soil C and P coupling and should be incorporated into assessments of Amazon forest resilience under future climate change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-72098-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:07:02Z","timestamp":1777367222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Amazonian understory forests change phosphorus acquisition strategies under elevated CO2"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-747X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathielly P.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-4439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Fuchslueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laynara F.","family":"Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar J.","family":"Valverde-Barrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0238-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J.","family":"Norby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9183-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain P.","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9220-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Aleixo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabricio B.","family":"Baccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8421-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara N. 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