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Here we present satellite quantification of enhanced atmospheric methane oxidation, based on TROPOMI observations of a short-lived intermediate in methane oxidation, HCHO. We find a large HCHO enhancement of up to 12 ppb\u00b110% at 30\u2009km altitude, in the plume from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai eruption, persisting for ten days or more, and also explaining its low BrO levels. Total methane oxidation is 900 \u00b1 220 Mg\/day, suggesting at least 330 Gg of volcanic methane was injected into the stratosphere. The observed methane oxidation requires an estimated ongoing primary production of 2-5 Gg Cl per day that appears unexplained by known mechanisms. We show that chlorine production by iron-chloride photochemistry in sulfate-coated volcanic ash is a plausible mechanism, even outside the marine boundary layer. This method of measuring methane loss using formaldehyde can be sufficiently sensitive to quantify the impact of hypothetical future enhanced atmospheric methane oxidation approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-72191-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:02:54Z","timestamp":1778144574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Satellite quantification of enhanced methane oxidation applied to the stratospheric plume following Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai eruption"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0653-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten M.J.W.","family":"van Herpen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-7725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"De Smedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Meidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Saiz-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-3955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-8968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"R\u00f6ckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"de Laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"72191_CR1","unstructured":"IPCC. 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Tech."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-72191-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-72191-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-72191-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:03:05Z","timestamp":1778144585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-72191-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["72191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-72191-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A patent application was filed about the application of satellite-based methane removal quantification to interventions that enhance atmospheric methane removal, which is distinct from the natural atmospheric methane removal enhancement studied here (patent applicant: MvH, inventors: MvH, application number: PCT\/NL2026\/050017, status: application, receiving office: Netherlands Patent Office \/ Netherlands). All other authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3746"}}