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Here, we identify a novel environmental\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene,\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-12<\/jats:italic>\n                    , discovered in\n                    <jats:italic>Pigmentiphaga litoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Australian sediment, and evaluate its potential role in the intersection between environmental resistance reservoirs and clinically relevant bacteria. Gene\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-12<\/jats:italic>\n                    was located within a metal-resistance gene cluster on plasmid pPLE30.2, which also carried a predicted novel \u03b2-lactamase gene (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-1383<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Removal of pPLE30.2 increased polymyxin susceptibility 32-fold, while reintroduction of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-12<\/jats:italic>\n                    restored resistance. Despite its low amino-acid identity to known MCR enzymes, MCR-12 confers polymyxin resistance by phosphoethanolamine transferase modification of lipid A. Expression of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-12<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    conferred polymyxin resistance, suggesting that\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-12<\/jats:italic>\n                    is compatible between environmental strains and clinical pathogens. The discovery of a new\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene from an environmental source and from outside Gammaproteobacteria highlights the need for further surveillance efforts within a One Health framework.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-75587-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T09:01:38Z","timestamp":1784106098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel polymyxin resistance gene family mcr-12 from environmental Pigmentiphaga litoralis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4518-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brodie F.","family":"Gillieatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram P.","family":"Maharjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel A.","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolle H.","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth N.","family":"Zadoks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-1754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas V.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2112-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kertesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4230-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy K.","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"75587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","volume":"404","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naghavi, M. et al. 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