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However, linking organismal responses to environmental change at ecologically relevant scales remains a major challenge. To investigate the constraints imposed on fish living in coastal urban environments, we apply a landscape-scale framework to identify molecular signatures associated with human activities. Using transcriptomes from a common coral reef fish,\n                    <jats:italic>Chrysiptera cyanea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , sampled across 18 coastal sites in Okinawa, Japan, we implement scalable analytical and visualisation tools and identify coordinated shifts in metabolic, immune, and inflammatory pathways. By integrating field data with a fasting-feeding experiment, we find that transcriptomes of adult fish from urbanised sites resemble those of well-fed experimental fish, suggesting that these areas provide an energy-rich diet while imposing chronic stress. Our findings reveal how anthropogenic activities reshape organismal resilience and demonstrate the power of landscape transcriptomics as a link between molecular signatures and ecological outcomes across changing environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-77751-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:02:10Z","timestamp":1791536530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Landscape transcriptomics reveals ecological constraints on fish under anthropogenic coastal change"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6898-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Gairin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saori","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00e9","family":"Chamot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille A.","family":"Sautereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jann","family":"Zwahlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takamiyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Gibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6021-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-4175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Laudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"77751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142564","volume":"755","author":"E Gissi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gissi, E. et al. 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