{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T21:27:39Z","timestamp":1794086859942,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":83,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025A1515012870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A1515012870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar","award":["2023B1515020100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1515020100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82441003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82441003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Research Projects of Sun Yat-sen University","award":["23ykcxqt002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ykcxqt002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Aging"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-026-00403-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:34:29Z","timestamp":1779287669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discordance between measured and perceived vision in older adults: the need for objective screening despite health consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xueer","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanqin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duoru","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meimei","family":"Dongye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourne, R. et al. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health 9, e130\u2013e143 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30425-3"},{"key":"403_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e682","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30254-1","volume":"5","author":"T Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, T. et al. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health 5, e682\u2013e691 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"403_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5683","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1937340","volume":"44","author":"D Boey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boey, D. et al. The impact of low vision on activities, participation, and goals among older adults: a scoping review. Disabil. Rehabil. 44, 5683\u20135707 (2022).","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"403_CR4","first-page":"2010","volume":"66","author":"V Varadaraj","year":"2025","unstructured":"Varadaraj, V., Almidani, L., Thomas, J. & Swenor, B. K. Vision impairment and healthcare access gaps in older Americans: the unique role of contrast sensitivity. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 66, 2010\u20132010 (2025).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"403_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092412","volume":"11","author":"G Virgili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Virgili, G. et al. The association between vision impairment and depression: a systematic review of population-based studies. J. Clin. Med. 11, 2412 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"403_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15848","volume":"56","author":"HP van der Aa","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Aa, H. P., Comijs, H. C., Penninx, B. W., van Rens, G. H. & van Nispen, R. M. Major depressive and anxiety disorders in visually impaired older adults. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 56, 849\u2013854 (2015).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"403_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.2493","volume":"136","author":"DD Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng, D. D. et al. Longitudinal associations between visual impairment and cognitive functioning: the Salisbury eye evaluation study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 136, 989\u2013995 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR8","unstructured":"WHO. Blindness and visual impairment, https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blindness-and-visual-impairment (2025)."},{"key":"403_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/vision9030055","volume":"9","author":"K Allison","year":"2025","unstructured":"Allison, K., Virk, A., Alamri, A. & Patel, D. Analysis of the awareness and access of eye healthcare in underserved populations. Vision 9, 55 (2025).","journal-title":"Vision"},{"key":"403_CR10","unstructured":"WHO. ICD-10 Version:2019 \u2014 H53.1 Subjective visual disturbances, https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en#\/H53.1 (2019)."},{"key":"403_CR11","unstructured":"WHO. ICD-10 Version:2019 \u2014 H54 Visual impairment including blindness (binocular or monocular), https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en#\/H54 (2019)."},{"key":"403_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"08004","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.08004","volume":"11","author":"M Zou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zou, M. et al. Prevalence of visual impairment among older Chinese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Glob. Health 11, 08004 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"403_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.06.009","volume":"131","author":"T Potter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Potter, T. et al. Concordance between self-reported visual difficulty and objective visual impairment: the national health and aging trends study. Ophthalmology 131, 1447\u20131456 (2024).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"403_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0264619614543532","volume":"32","author":"J Whillans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whillans, J. & Nazroo, J. Assessment of visual impairment: the relationship between self-reported vision and \u2018gold-standard\u2019measured visual acuity. Br. J. Vis. Impair. 32, 236\u2013248 (2014).","journal-title":"Br. J. Vis. Impair."},{"key":"403_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03181479","volume":"7","author":"SL Elliott","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elliott, S. L., Hardy, J. L., Webster, M. A. & Werner, J. S. Aging and blur adaptation. J. Vis. 7, 8 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"403_CR16","first-page":"763","volume":"9","author":"S Marmamula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marmamula, S., Khanna, R. C. & Rao, G. N. Unilateral visual impairment in rural south India-Andhra Pradesh eye disease study (APEDS). Int J. Ophthalmol. 9, 763\u2013767 (2016).","journal-title":"Int J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR17","first-page":"72","volume":"38","author":"SK West","year":"1997","unstructured":"West, S. K. et al. Function and visual impairment in a population-based study of older adults. The SEE project. Salisbury eye evaluation. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 38, 72\u201382 (1997).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"403_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.1085","volume":"137","author":"CR Frank","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frank, C. R., Xiang, X., Stagg, B. C. & Ehrlich, J. R. Longitudinal associations of self-reported vision impairment with symptoms of anxiety and depression among older adults in the United States. JAMA Ophthalmol. 137, 793\u2013800 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.07.010","volume":"129","author":"AR Elam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elam, A. R. et al. Disparities in vision health and eye care. Ophthalmology 129, e89\u2013e113 (2022).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"403_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00e4llstrand, J., Andersson, J., Lace, I. & G\u00f6ransson, C. Undetected vision loss among older adults\u2014a barrier tohealthy aging. Eur. J. Public Health. 35, ckaf161.1571 (2025).","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf161.1571"},{"key":"403_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950731","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.950731","volume":"9","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, X. & Xia, L. Effect of macular vascular density on visual quality in young myopic adults. Front. Med. 9, 950731 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"403_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02815-6","volume":"23","author":"YK Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Y. K. et al. OCTA biomarkers in adults aged 50 and above: a prospective and cross-sectional community-based study. BMC Ophthalmol. 23, 71 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Im, J. H. et al. Prevalence of self-reported visual impairment among people in Canada with and without diabetes: findings from population-based surveys from 1994 to 2014. CMAJ Open 11, E1125-E1134 (2023).","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20220116"},{"key":"403_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579774","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1579774","volume":"13","author":"T Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo, T. et al. The association between vision impairment and multi-site pain in middle-aged and older adults in China: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front. Public Health 13, 1579774 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"403_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-023-00977-w","volume":"67","author":"K Isamu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isamu, K. et al. The association of subjective vision with objectively measured intensity-specific physical activity and bout-specific sedentary behavior among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Jpn J. Ophthalmol. 67, 164\u2013174 (2023).","journal-title":"Jpn J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100464","volume":"4","author":"L Almidani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almidani, L. et al. The quantitative impact of visual function on accelerometer-measured physical activity in older United States adults: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis. Ophthalmol. Sci. 4, 100464 (2024).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Sci."},{"key":"403_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.145623","volume":"93","author":"R Shah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shah, R. et al. Glaucoma detection: the content of optometric eye examinations for a presbyopic patient of African racial descent. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 93, 492\u2013496 (2009).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv158","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad123","volume":"52","author":"S Chadha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chadha, S., Dillard, L. K., Mariotti, S. P. & Keel, S. Monitoring hearing and vision functions in older adults: rationale and process. Age Ageing 52, iv158\u2013iv161 (2023).","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"403_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e414","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00083-2","volume":"3","author":"H Rono","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rono, H. et al. Effectiveness of an mHealth system on access to eye health services in Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Digit. Health 3, e414\u2013e424 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"403_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13431","volume":"47","author":"X Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han, X. et al. Incidence and correction of vision impairment among elderly population in southern urban China. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 47, 439\u2013444 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.5551","volume":"135","author":"NG Valikodath","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valikodath, N. G. et al. Agreement of ocular symptom reporting between patient-reported outcomes and medical records. JAMA Ophthalmol. 135, 225\u2013231 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090060119035","volume":"111","author":"LT Chylack Jr.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chylack, L. T. Jr. et al. The lens opacities classification system III. The longitudinal study of cataract study group. Arch. Ophthalmol. 111, 831\u2013836 (1993).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.6781","volume":"142","author":"N Dhablania","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dhablania, N., Torres, M., Burkemper, B., McKean-Cowdin, R. & Varma, R. Uncorrected refractive error in the African American eye disease study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 142, 292\u2013298 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"403_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.02.024","volume":"122","author":"N Zebardast","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zebardast, N. et al. Comparing the impact of refractive and nonrefractive vision loss on functioning and disability: the Salisbury eye evaluation. Ophthalmology 122, 1102\u20131110 (2015).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"403_CR35","unstructured":"WHO. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health (Geneva, 2010)."}],"container-title":["npj Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00403-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00403-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00403-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:03:48Z","timestamp":1786446228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00403-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41514-026-00403-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-6068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-6068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"107"}}