{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:15:41Z","timestamp":1788963341927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Aging"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-026-00511-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:51:07Z","timestamp":1788961867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perspectives on cardiovascular longevity and economic prosperity in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Daniel","family":"Azlan bin Mahadzir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4404-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela S.","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"511_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth, G. A. et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 76, 2982\u20133021 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"511_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876","volume":"110","author":"BJ North","year":"2012","unstructured":"North, B. J. & Sinclair, D. A. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res. 110, 1097\u20131108 (2012).","journal-title":"Circ. Res"},{"key":"511_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00881-3","volume":"20","author":"M Abdellatif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdellatif, M. et al. Hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 20, 754\u2013777 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"511_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World report on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization. (2015)."},{"key":"511_CR5","first-page":"e596","volume":"140","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnett, D. K. et al. 2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 140, e596\u2013e646 (2019).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"511_CR6","unstructured":"ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. Transforming health and wellbeing in ASEAN: from cost centre to investment case. ASCC Research and Development Policy Brief No. 5. Jakarta: Association of Southeast Asian Nations; (2024 Apr)."},{"key":"511_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e467","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00087-8","volume":"10","author":"GBD 2021 ASEAN Cardiovascular Diseases Collaborators","year":"2025","unstructured":"GBD 2021 ASEAN Cardiovascular Diseases Collaborators The epidemiology and burden of cardiovascular diseases in countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 1990\u20132021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Public Health 10, e467\u2013e479, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00087-8 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"511_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32008-2","volume":"395","author":"S Yusuf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yusuf, S. et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155,722 individuals from 21 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 395, 795\u2013808 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"511_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1342698","volume":"11","author":"CH Sia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sia, C. H., Simon, O., Loh, P. H. & Poh, K. K. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease landscape in Singapore. Front Cardiovasc. Med. 11, 1342698 (2024).","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"511_CR10","volume":"49","author":"RSJ Goh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goh, R. S. J. et al. The burden of cardiovascular disease in Asia from 2025 to 2050: a forecast analysis for East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, Central Asia, and high-income Asia Pacific regions. Lancet Reg. Health West Pac. 49, 101138 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health West Pac."},{"key":"511_CR11","unstructured":"Liew J., Kim J., Subramaniam D. Call to action: a strategic response to the impending health crisis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in SEA. White paper. Singapore: IQVIA Asia Pacific; [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/eu-asean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Health-crisis-of-atherosclerotic-CVD-in-SEA_2024_screen.pdf (2024 May)."},{"key":"511_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Saving lives, spending less: the case for investing in noncommunicable diseases: methods supplement. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/350971 (2021)."},{"key":"511_CR13","unstructured":"Bloom D. E. et al. The global economic burden of non-communicable diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum; (2011)."},{"key":"511_CR14","unstructured":"Association of Southeast Asian Nations. ASEAN comprehensive recovery framework. Jakarta: ASEAN. (2020)."},{"key":"511_CR15","unstructured":"Lee, H. L. Written statement by PM Lee Hsien Loong at the Extraordinary Virtual G20 Leaders\u2019 Summit. Singapore: Prime Minister\u2019s Office; (2020 Mar 26)."},{"key":"511_CR16","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland. Health in all policies: Helsinki statement. Framework for country action. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/112636 (2014)."},{"key":"511_CR17","unstructured":"McKinsey Global Institute. Prioritizing health: a prescription for prosperity. New York: McKinsey & Company (2020)."},{"key":"511_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.2023141","volume":"53","author":"JWC Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan, J. W. C. et al. Strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease in Singapore: a call to action from Singapore Heart Foundation, Singapore Cardiac Society and Chapter of Cardiologists of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. 53, 23\u201333 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"511_CR19","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (Singapore). White Paper on Healthier SG [Internet]. Singapore: Ministry of Health; [cited 2025 Oct 5]. Available from: https:\/\/file.go.gov.sg\/healthiersg-whitepaper-pdf.pdf (2022)."},{"key":"511_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.01.003","volume":"35","author":"N Veronese","year":"2017","unstructured":"Veronese, N. et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in frail and pre-frail older adults: meta-analysis and exploratory meta-regression. Ageing Res. Rev. 35, 63\u201373 (2017).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"511_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101889","volume":"4","author":"H Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang, H. et al. Effect of frailty on cardiovascular clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Adv. 4, 101889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101889 (2025).","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"key":"511_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/japsc.2025.15","volume":"4","author":"JJ Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong, J. J., Chua, T. S. J. & Koh, A. S. Advancing cardiovascular sciences in ageing for cardiovascular longevity through transformation and implementation. J. Asian Pac. Soc. Cardiol. 4, e30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/japsc.2025.15 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Asian Pac. Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"511_CR23","unstructured":"National Heart Centre Singapore. National Heart Centre Singapore launches region\u2019s first comprehensive cardiovascular ageing and longevity initiative [press release]. Singapore: National Heart Centre Singapore; [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nhcs.com.sg\/news\/announcements\/national-heart-centre-singapore-launches-region-s-first-comprehe (2025)."},{"key":"511_CR24","unstructured":"Lee L. Y. New programme with AI tools to improve heart health among the elderly set to reach 60,000 a year. The Straits Times. [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/new-programme-to-improve-cardiovascular-care-in-elderly-set-to-reach-out-to-60000-a-year (2025)."},{"key":"511_CR25","unstructured":"World Health Organization. STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2026 Jun 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/noncommunicable-diseases\/surveillance\/systems-tools\/steps"},{"key":"511_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103122","volume":"118","author":"J Quach","year":"2026","unstructured":"Quach, J. et al. Machine learning for frailty assessment and outcome prediction in cardiovascular disease: a scoping review. Ageing Res. Rev. 118, 103122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103122 (2026).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"511_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5806-x","volume":"18","author":"A Gheorghe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gheorghe, A. et al. The economic burden of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 18, 975 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"511_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16198-2","volume":"23","author":"V Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan, V. et al. The societal cost of modifiable risk factors in Singapore. BMC Public Health 23, 1285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16198-2 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"511_CR29","unstructured":"Green, A. The cost of silence: cardiovascular disease in Asia. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit; [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/impact.economist.com\/perspectives\/sites\/default\/files\/The_cost_of_silence.pdf (2018)."},{"key":"511_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcad031","volume":"10","author":"R Luengo-Fernandez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luengo-Fernandez, R. et al. Cardiovascular disease burden due to productivity losses in European Society of Cardiology countries. Eur. Heart J. Qual. Care Clin. Outcomes 10, 36\u201344 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Qual. Care Clin. Outcomes"},{"key":"511_CR31","unstructured":"National Research Foundation, Singapore Research, Innovation and Enterprise 2025 Plan [Internet]. National Research Foundation: Singapore, 2020. https:\/\/file.go.gov.sg\/rie-2025-handbook.pdf [cited 2026 Jun 26]."},{"key":"511_CR32","unstructured":"Aggarwal P., Suryaprakash S., Shukla A. The unmissable Asia healthcare opportunity [Internet]. Boston: Boston Consulting Group; [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2025\/india-the-unmissable-asia-healthcare-opportunity (2025 Jan 27)."},{"key":"511_CR33","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (Singapore). Launch of Healthcare Industry Transformation Map 2025 [Internet]. Singapore: Ministry of Health; [cited 2025 Oct 5]. Available from: https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/newsroom\/launch-of-healthcare-industry-transformation-map-2025\/ (2023 Jul 26)."},{"key":"511_CR34","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (Singapore). Enhancing preventive health and aged care [Internet]. Singapore: Ministry of Health; [cited 2025 Oct 5]. Available from: https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/newsroom\/enhancing-preventive-health-and-aged-care\/ (2024 Mar 6)."},{"key":"511_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.10.037","volume":"237","author":"K Thiboonboon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thiboonboon, K., De Abreu Lourenco, R., Church, J. & Goodall, S. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Thailand: determinants and variation across socioeconomic status. Public Health 237, 426\u2013434, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.10.037 (2024).","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"511_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e824","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00191-4","volume":"10","author":"A Saxena","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saxena, A. et al. Estimated health impact, cost, and cost-effectiveness of taxation on unhealthy packaged foods in the Philippines: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health 10, e824\u2013e834, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00191-4 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"511_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2018.08.04","volume":"9","author":"T Collins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collins, T., Mikkelsen, B. & Axelrod, S. Interact, engage or partner? Working with the private sector for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther. 9, 158\u2013164, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/cdt.2018.08.04 (2019).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"511_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03248-4","volume":"30","author":"S Verguet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Verguet, S., Bolongaita, S., Chang, A. Y., Cardoso, D. S. & Stevens, G. A. The economic value of reducing mortality due to noncommunicable diseases and injuries. Nat. Med. 30, 3335\u20133344, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03248-4 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"#cr-split#-511_CR39.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. Action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in South-East Asia, 2013-2020: extended to 2030. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia"},{"key":"#cr-split#-511_CR39.2","unstructured":"[cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/sea-ncd-89 (2022)."},{"key":"511_CR40","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Toolkit for developing a multisectoral action plan for noncommunicable diseases: overview. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2026 Jun 26]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240043596 (2022)."}],"container-title":["npj Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00511-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00511-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00511-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:51:15Z","timestamp":1788961875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41514-026-00511-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41514-026-00511-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-6068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-6068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"125"}}