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It is naturally found in the rhizosphere, where microorganisms coexist in an extremely competitive environment, and thus have evolved a diverse arsenal of defence mechanisms. In this work, we found that volatile compounds produced by <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> biofilms inhibited the development of competing biofilm colonies, by reducing extracellular matrix gene expression, both within and across species. This effect was dose-dependent, with the structural defects becoming more pronounced as the number of volatile-producing colonies increased. This inhibition was mostly mediated by organic volatiles, and we identified the active molecules as 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-butanol. Similar results were obtained with biofilms formed by phylogenetically distinct bacterium sharing the same niche, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, which produced the biofilm-inhibiting 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-nonanon. The ability of established biofilms to inhibit the development and spreading of new biofilms from afar might be a general mechanism utilized by bacterial biofilms to protect an occupied niche from the invasion of competing bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-020-00174-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T11:07:08Z","timestamp":1609844828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Weaponizing volatiles to inhibit competitor biofilms from a distance"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Qihui","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alona","family":"Keren-Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Korenblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rela","family":"Oved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Malitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8464-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilana","family":"Kolodkin-Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.09.006","volume":"10","author":"C Aguilar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aguilar, C., Vlamakis, H., Losick, R. & Kolter, R. 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