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Its production and degradation are largely driven by microbial transformations; however, diversity and metabolic activity of mercury transformers, resulting in methylmercury concentrations in environments, remain poorly understood. Microbial mats are thick biofilms where oxic and anoxic metabolisms cooccur, providing opportunities to investigate the complexity of the microbial mercury transformations over contrasted redox conditions. Here, we conducted a genome-resolved metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis to identify putative activity of mercury reducers, methylators and demethylators in microbial mats strongly contaminated by mercury. Our transcriptomic results revealed the major role of rare microorganisms in mercury cycling. Mercury methylators, mainly related to <jats:italic>Desulfobacterota<\/jats:italic>, expressed a large panel of metabolic activities in sulfur, iron, nitrogen, and halogen compound transformations, extending known activities of mercury methylators under suboxic to anoxic conditions. Methylmercury detoxification processes were dissociated in the microbial mats with methylmercury cleavage being carried out by sulfide-oxidizing <jats:italic>Thiotrichaceae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rhodobacteraceae<\/jats:italic> populations, whereas mercury reducers included members of the <jats:italic>Verrucomicrobia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Gammaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>, and different populations of <jats:italic>Rhodobacteraceae<\/jats:italic>. However most of the mercury reduction was potentially carried out anaerobically by sulfur- and iron-reducing <jats:italic>Desulfuromonadaceae<\/jats:italic>, revising our understanding of mercury transformers ecophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00255-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1637319773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Transcriptomic evidence for versatile metabolic activities of mercury cycling microorganisms in brackish microbial mats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3552-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Vigneron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"Cruaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanne","family":"Aub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9my","family":"Guyoneaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Go\u00f1i-Urriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1126\/science.183.4129.1049","volume":"183","author":"JM Wood","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wood, J. 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