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There are currently no reports on the microbial gene-expression profiles of the tongue microbiota in halitosis. In this study, we performed RNAseq of tongue coating samples from individuals with and without halitosis. The activity of\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (including\n                    <jats:italic>S. parasanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>, Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (including\n                    <jats:italic>V. dispar<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (including\n                    <jats:italic>R. mucilaginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was associated with halitosis-free individuals while\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (including\n                    <jats:italic>P. shahi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (including\n                    <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Leptotrichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    were associated with halitosis. Interestingly, the metatranscriptome of patients that only had halitosis levels of methyl mercaptan was similar to that of halitosis-free individuals. Finally, gene expression profiles showed a significant over-expression of genes involved in L-cysteine and L-homocysteine synthesis, as well as nitrate reduction genes, in halitosis-free individuals and an over-expression of genes responsible for cysteine degradation into hydrogen sulfide in halitosis patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00364-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:03:19Z","timestamp":1671426199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The tongue biofilm metatranscriptome identifies metabolic pathways associated with the presence or absence of halitosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9566-0321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Carda-Di\u00e9guez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3267-6561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.T.","family":"Rosier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Llena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"364_CR1","unstructured":"Nachnani, S. 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