{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:18:46Z","timestamp":1790727526150,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Egyptian Ministry of higher education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Biofilms Microbiomes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in biofilms, driven by mechanisms like oxidative stress, is a major challenge. This study investigates whether antioxidants (AOs) such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and Edaravone (ED) can reduce AMR in\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (CIP). In vitro experimental evolution studies were conducted using flow cells and glass beads biofilm models. Results showed that combining CIP with antioxidants (CIP-AOs) effectively reduced the development of CIP resistance. Isolates from biofilms treated with CIP-AO had significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CIP compared to those treated with CIP alone. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed mutations in the negative regulators of efflux pumps,\n                    <jats:italic>nfxB<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>nalC<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in CIP-only treated biofilm populations. The occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>nfxB<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations was significantly lower in flow cell biofilms treated with CIP-AO compared to CIP alone. These findings suggest that antioxidants could play a role in mitigating AMR development in biofilms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00640-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T05:26:44Z","timestamp":1735536404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The impact of antioxidant-ciprofloxacin combinations on the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Doaa","family":"Higazy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa N.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Ciofu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natterson-Horowitz B., et al. 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