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We hypothesized that the heterogeneous nature of CF lung, reflected through the emergence of oxygen-depleted niches during disease progression, modulates\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility. Using complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that clinical CF isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    are virulent in CF-mimicking environments. Synthetic CF medium (SCFM2) supported robust filamentation, with oxygen-nutrient interplay critically shaping fungal growth and drug response. In a novel CF infection model using zebrafish morphants, we observed heightened susceptibility to\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared to wild-type embryos. Reporter strains showed elevated\n                    <jats:italic>ECE1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, indicating increased candidalysin production and virulence in vivo. Our study provides compelling evidence that CF isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    have pathogenic potential, warranting consideration in future therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00889-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T03:54:08Z","timestamp":1766116448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Beyond colonization: Candida albicans exhibits substantial pathogenic potential in cystic fibrosis environments"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Natasa","family":"Radakovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Plackic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Djuris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Morschh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Sovtic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihail","family":"Basa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Predrag","family":"Minic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Zobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Pavic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"889_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30510-1","volume":"7","author":"KF Budden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Budden, K. 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