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Participants were assessed for gastrointestinal (GI) and autism-related symptoms and classified into constipated and non-constipated groups. The relationship was further explored via 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics to identify underlying mechanisms. Results revealed that constipated ASD children exhibited more severe autism-related symptoms and alterations in four bacterial taxa\u2014the phylum Bacteroidetes, the family Barnesiellaceae, and the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bilophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014plus 451 metabolites compared to non-constipated ASD children. Among the altered bacterial taxa, three\u2014Bacteroidetes,\n                    <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bilophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014exacerbated the relationship between constipation and autism-related symptoms. Five metabolites derived from the above three taxa\u2014chenodeoxycholic acid, palmitic acid, glutaric acid, arachidonic acid, and choline\u2014were significantly associated with autism-related symptoms. Our multi-omics analysis reveals the exacerbating effect of constipation on autism-related symptoms in children with ASD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00894-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T16:15:08Z","timestamp":1767888908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multiomics analysis reveals the exacerbating effect of constipation on autism-related symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hailin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muqing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuolin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingfeng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"894_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v12.i4.171","volume":"12","author":"M Al-Beltagi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. 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