{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:35:12Z","timestamp":1788716112630,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81873225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Biofilms Microbiomes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common global malignancy, and its advanced stage is closely linked to a gut microbiota-metabolism-immunity vicious cycle requiring early intervention. In this study, anti-CRC effects of PAMK in CT26 tumor-bearing mice were explored. Results showed that PAMK significantly inhibited tumor growth and improved the quality of life of tumor-bearing mice by enhancing antitumor immunity, including increased NK cell infiltration and NKG2D expression, elevated CD4\u207a:CD8\u207a ratios, and higher serum IFN-\u03b3 levels. However, therapeutic effects of PAMK were not observed in antibiotic\u2011induced microbiota depletion (AIMD) mice. Notably, following fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), therapeutic effects of PAMK were largely restored. PAMK alleviated tumor-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis characterized by enriched\n                    <jats:italic>g_Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and remodeled fatty acid and steroid metabolism, which was closely associated with enhanced antitumor immunity and a potential microbiota\u2013metabolism\u2013immunity axis. Meanwhile, PAMK modulated multiple metabolic, circadian and immune pathways in the spleen as verified by transcriptomics and qPCR. Integrative multi-omics analysis indicated that the gut microbiota\u2013metabolite\u2013spleen gene axis may act synergistically to mediate anti-CRC effects of PAMK in tumor-bearing mice. This study highlights the potential of PAMK in CRC tumor immune adjuvants, providing experimental and theoretical support for its clinical translation and novel tumor immunotherapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-026-01013-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:02:55Z","timestamp":1782464575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide orchestrates anti-tumor immunity via a dual-network mechanism targeting the gut microbiota and spleen"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yajing","family":"Shuai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1013_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i7.644","volume":"30","author":"M Pinheiro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pinheiro, M., Moreira, D. N. & Ghidini, M. Colon and rectal cancer: an emergent public health problem. World J. Gastroenterol. 30, 644\u2013651, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v30.i7.644 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1013_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2024.05.001","volume":"10","author":"M Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh, M., Morris, V. K., Bandey, I. N., Hong, D. S. & Kopetz, S. Advancements in combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. Trends Cancer 10, 598\u2013609, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trecan.2024.05.001 (2024).","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"1013_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adebayo, A. S., Agbaje, K., Adesina, S. K. & Olajubutu, O. Colorectal cancer: disease process, current treatment options, and future perspectives. Pharmaceutics 15, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112620 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112620"},{"key":"1013_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01541-w","volume":"17","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy. J. Hematol. Oncol. 17, 33, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-024-01541-w (2024).","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"1013_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.807648","volume":"12","author":"J Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, J. & Lee, H. K. Potential role of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer progression. Front Immunol. 12, 807648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.807648 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"1013_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2296574","volume":"2022","author":"X Huo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huo, X. et al. Lentinan enhances the function of oxaliplatin on the esophageal tumors by persuading immunogenic cell death. Comput Math. Methods Med. 2022, 2296574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2296574 (2022).","journal-title":"Comput Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"1013_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142015","volume":"307","author":"G Zong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zong, G. et al. Ginseng polysaccharides ameliorate colorectal tumorigenesis through Lachnospiraceae-mediated immune modulation. Int J. Biol. Macromol. 307, 142015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142015 (2025).","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"1013_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Impellizzeri, D. et al. Coriolus versicolor downregulates TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling cascade in dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-treated mice: a possible mechanism for the anti-colitis effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 11, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11020406 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020406"},{"key":"1013_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.107034","volume":"199","author":"W Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian, W. et al. Harnessing natural product polysaccharides against lung cancer and revisit its novel mechanism. Pharm. Res. 199, 107034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.107034 (2024).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"1013_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.056","volume":"205","author":"S Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang, S. et al. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis polysaccharide ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis and inhibiting the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Int J. Biol. Macromol. 205, 23\u201336, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.056 (2022).","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"1013_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126038","volume":"249","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X., Wu, J., Fu, X., Wang, P. & Chen, C. Fructus mori polysaccharide alleviates diabetic symptoms by regulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier against TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway. Int J. Biol. Macromol. 249, 126038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126038 (2023).","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"1013_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1021695","volume":"13","author":"M Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, M. et al. Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the Th17\/Treg cell balance. Front. Immunol. 13, 1021695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1021695 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1013_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.529657","volume":"11","author":"X Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang, X. et al. Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppression in Mice by Upregulating CD28\/IP3R\/PLC\u03b3-1\/AP-1\/NFAT Signal Pathway. Front. Pharmacol. 11, 529657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.529657 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1013_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107692","volume":"98","author":"S Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, S. et al. Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz regulates LPS-mediated mouse hepatitis through the TLR4-MyD88-NF\u03baB signaling pathway. Int. Immunopharmacol. 98, 107692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107692 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"1013_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.042","volume":"195","author":"L Kai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kai, L. et al. Protective effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephalae Koidz. against dextran sulfate sodium induced intestinal mucosal injury on mice. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 195, 142\u2013151, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.042 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"1013_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126987","volume":"253","author":"Z He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He, Z. et al. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide improves glycolipid metabolism disorders through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by gut flora-produced tryptophan metabolites. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 253, 126987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126987 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"1013_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. Blocking IL-17A enhances tumor response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. J. Immunother. Cancer 9, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2020-001895 (2021).","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001895"},{"key":"1013_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.10.024","volume":"19","author":"K Che","year":"2021","unstructured":"Che, K., Muttenthaler, M. & Kurzbach, D. Conformational selection of vasopressin upon V(1a) receptor binding. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 19, 5826\u20135833, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.10.024 (2021).","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"1013_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu426","volume":"30","author":"E Krieger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krieger, E. & Vriend, G. YASARA View - molecular graphics for all devices - from smartphones to workstations. Bioinforma. (Oxf., Engl.) 30, 2981\u20132982, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu426 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinforma. (Oxf., Engl.)"},{"key":"1013_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.08.024","volume":"140","author":"D Malka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malka, D. et al. Immune scores in colorectal cancer: where are we? Eur. J. Cancer (Oxf., Engl. 1990) 140, 105\u2013118, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.08.024 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer (Oxf., Engl. 1990)"},{"key":"1013_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28764-0","volume":"13","author":"P Kapoor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kapoor, P. et al. Effect of anthocyanins on gut health markers, Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio and short-chain fatty acids: a systematic review via meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 13, 1729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-28764-0 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1013_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04119-1","volume":"21","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Identification of colorectal cancer progression-associated intestinal microbiome and predictive signature construction. J. Transl. Med. 21, 373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-023-04119-1 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1013_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00906","volume":"11","author":"BJ Parker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parker, B. J., Wearsch, P. A., Veloo, A. C. M. & Rodriguez-Palacios, A. The genus Alistipes: gut bacteria with emerging implications to inflammation, cancer, and mental health. Front. Immunol. 11, 906, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00906 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1013_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01807-9","volume":"10","author":"S Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Lv, K., Liu, Z., Zhao, R. & Li, F. Fatty acid metabolism of immune cells: a new target of tumour immunotherapy. Cell Death Discov. 10, 39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-024-01807-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"1013_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01549-2","volume":"22","author":"Z Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, Z. et al. Sex differences in colorectal cancer: with a focus on sex hormone-gut microbiome axis. Cell Commun. Signal. 22, 167, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-024-01549-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"1013_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.026","volume":"19","author":"J Fritsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fritsch, J. et al. Low-fat, high-fiber diet reduces markers of inflammation and dysbiosis and improves quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Off. Clin. Pract. J. Am. Gastroenterol. Assoc. 19, 1189\u20131199.e1130, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.026 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Off. Clin. Pract. J. Am. Gastroenterol. Assoc."},{"key":"1013_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2021.02.010","volume":"20","author":"C Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding, C. et al. Characterization of the fatty acid metabolism in colorectal cancer to guide clinical therapy. Mol. Ther. Oncolytics 20, 532\u2013544, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omto.2021.02.010 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"1013_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3767373","volume":"2022","author":"M Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, M. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: changes of gut microbiota before and after menopause. Dis. markers 2022, 3767373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3767373 (2022).","journal-title":"Dis. markers"},{"key":"1013_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1458033","volume":"14","author":"Z Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, Z. et al. Direct and indirect effects of estrogens, androgens and intestinal microbiota on colorectal cancer. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 14, 1458033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1458033 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1013_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.02.003","volume":"40","author":"P Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao, P. et al. CD8(+) T cells and fatty acids orchestrate tumor ferroptosis and immunity via ACSL4. Cancer Cell 40, 365\u2013378.e366, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.02.003 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1013_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7083","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.44744","volume":"10","author":"CJ Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen, C. J. et al. Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis. Theranostics 10, 7083\u20137099, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.44744 (2020).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1013_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-012-1628-y","volume":"28","author":"PA Foster","year":"2013","unstructured":"Foster, P. A. Oestrogen and colorectal cancer: mechanisms and controversies. Int. J. colorectal Dis. 28, 737\u2013749, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-012-1628-y (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. colorectal Dis."},{"key":"1013_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.06.021","volume":"492","author":"L Hases","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hases, L. et al. Intestinal estrogen receptor beta suppresses colon inflammation and tumorigenesis in both sexes. Cancer Lett. 492, 54\u201362, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.06.021 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"1013_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.093","volume":"130","author":"H Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Glycosaminoglycan from Apostichopus japonicus induces immunomodulatory activity in cyclophosphamide-treated mice and in macrophages. Int J. Biol. Macromol. 130, 229\u2013237, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.093 (2019).","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"1013_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62134-w","volume":"16","author":"H Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei, H. et al. Mogat1 drives metabolic adaptations to evade immune surveillance. Nat. Commun. 16, 7035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-62134-w (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1013_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo2389","volume":"8","author":"SK Chun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chun, S. K. et al. Disruption of the circadian clock drives Apc loss of heterozygosity to accelerate colorectal cancer. Sci. Adv. 8, eabo2389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abo2389 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1013_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2011.1207","volume":"25","author":"T Oshima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oshima, T. et al. Expression of circadian genes correlates with liver metastasis and outcomes in colorectal cancer. Oncol. Rep. 25, 1439\u20131446, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/or.2011.1207 (2011).","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"1013_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1709918","volume":"2022","author":"A He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, A. et al. Circadian clock genes are correlated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in colon adenocarcinoma. Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2022, 1709918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1709918 (2022).","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"1013_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.07.006","volume":"42","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. CCL19-producing fibroblasts promote tertiary lymphoid structure formation enhancing anti-tumor IgG response in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Cancer cell 42, 1370\u20131385.e1379, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.07.006 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer cell"},{"key":"1013_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moreno-Loshuertos, R. et al. A mutation in mouse MT-ATP6 gene induces respiration defects and opposed effects on the cell tumorigenic phenotype. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24021300 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021300"},{"key":"1013_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2023.2284517","volume":"28","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Melittin kills A549 cells by targeting mitochondria and blocking mitophagy flux. Redox Rep. Commun. Free Radic. Res. 28, 2284517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13510002.2023.2284517 (2023).","journal-title":"Redox Rep. Commun. Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"1013_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adk0865","volume":"9","author":"R Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, R. et al. Oxidative phosphorylation regulates B cell effector cytokines and promotes inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Sci. Immunol. 9, eadk0865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.adk0865 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"1013_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2025.102166","volume":"97","author":"LJ Shao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shao, L. J. et al. Functional regulation of macrophages by Ces1d-mediated lipid signaling in immunometabolism. Mol. Metab. 97, 102166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2025.102166 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"1013_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00793-1","volume":"54","author":"H Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, H. et al. Hypoxia-hindered methylation of PTGIS in endometrial stromal cells accelerates endometriosis progression by inducing CD16(-) NK-cell differentiation. Exp. Mol. Med 54, 890\u2013905, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-022-00793-1 (2022).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med"},{"key":"1013_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5496\/wjmg.v6.i2.17","volume":"6","author":"CS Kaufman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaufman, C. S. & Butler, M. G. Mutation in TNXB gene causes moderate to severe Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. World J. Med Genet 6, 17\u201321, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5496\/wjmg.v6.i2.17 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Med Genet"},{"key":"1013_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111038","volume":"27","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. The GDF6-FTO axis modulates the innate immune and inflammatory response to human respiratory syncytial virus. iScience 27, 111038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111038 (2024).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1013_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4086","volume":"22","author":"T Saito","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saito, T. et al. Two FOXP3(+)CD4(+) T cell subpopulations distinctly control the prognosis of colorectal cancers. Nat. Med. 22, 679\u2013684, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4086 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1013_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.76002","volume":"12","author":"CJ Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, C. J. et al. Commensal gut microbiota-derived acetate and propionate enhance heart adaptation in response to cardiac pressure overload in mice. Theranostics 12, 7319\u20137334, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.76002 (2022).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1013_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01165-z","volume":"9","author":"FA Vicentini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vicentini, F. A. et al. Intestinal microbiota shapes gut physiology and regulates enteric neurons and glia. Microbiome. 9, 210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-021-01165-z (2021).","journal-title":"Microbiome."}],"container-title":["npj Biofilms and Microbiomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01013-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01013-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01013-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:02:56Z","timestamp":1782464576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01013-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41522-026-01013-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5008"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5008","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"125"}}