{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:00:36Z","timestamp":1789952436399,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":104,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32202876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province","award":["25HASTIT045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25HASTIT045"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan","award":["262300421120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262300421120"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Biofilms Microbiomes"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-026-01026-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:16:08Z","timestamp":1781025368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Strontium ameliorates tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers through gut microbiota-mediated retinoic acid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shu-cheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-wen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-nan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao-jing","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-li","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-fang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-qun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi-shuai","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1026_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-024-00306-6","volume":"8","author":"K Yue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yue, K. et al. Insights into the evaluation, influential factors and improvement strategies for poultry meat quality: a review. npj Sci. Food 8, 62 (2024).","journal-title":"npj Sci. Food"},{"key":"1026_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00360-6","volume":"9","author":"TT Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, T. T. et al. Gut microbiome dysregulation drives bone damage in broiler tibial dyschondroplasia by disrupting glucose homeostasis. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 9, 1 (2023).","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"1026_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02244","volume":"91","author":"R Yair","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yair, R., Uni, Z. & Shahar, R. Bone characteristics of late-term embryonic and hatchling broilers: bone development under extreme growth rate. Poult. Sci. 91, 2614\u20132620 (2012).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.10.002","volume":"135","author":"AR Jahejo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jahejo, A. R. & Tian, W. X. Cellular, molecular and genetical overview of avian tibial dyschondroplasia. Res. Vet. Sci. 135, 569\u2013579 (2021).","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez497","volume":"98","author":"S Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, S. et al. The role of blood vessels in broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia. Poult. Sci. 98, 6527\u20136532 (2019).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22109-y","volume":"8","author":"SC Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, S. C. et al. Role and regulation of growth plate vascularization during coupling with osteogenesis in tibial dyschondroplasia of chickens. Sci. Rep. 8, 3680 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1026_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115689","volume":"268","author":"M Iqbal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iqbal, M. et al. Baicalin inhibits apoptosis and enhances chondrocyte proliferation in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens by regulating Bcl-2\/Caspase-9 and Sox-9\/Collagen-II expressions. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 268, 115689 (2023).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"1026_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.01.024","volume":"136","author":"SM Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, S. M. et al. Janus kinase\/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway-related genes STAT3, SOCS3 and their role in thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia chickens. Res. Vet. Sci. 136, 25\u201331 (2021).","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02921-w","volume":"200","author":"PF Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, P. F. et al. Enhanced extracellular matrix degradation in growth plate contributes to manganese deficiency-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chicks. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 200, 3326\u20133335 (2022).","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"1026_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09869-2","volume":"14","author":"T Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, T. et al. Probiotics treatment of leg diseases in broiler chickens: a review. Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins 14, 415\u2013425 (2022).","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"1026_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162028","volume":"12","author":"MF Kulyar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kulyar, M. F. et al. Regulatory role of apoptotic and inflammasome related proteins and their possible functional aspect in thiram associated tibial dyschondroplasia of poultry. Animals 12, 2028 (2022).","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"1026_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13243750","volume":"13","author":"S Nawaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nawaz, S. et al. Homeostatic regulation of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic proteins via hedgehog, notch grid, and ephrin signaling in tibial dyschondroplasia. Animals 13, 3750 (2023).","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"1026_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.38.93","volume":"38","author":"KS Rasaputra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rasaputra, K.S. et al. Effect of thiram on avian growth plate chondrocytes in culture. J. Toxicol. Sci. 38, 93\u2013101 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-276","volume":"14","author":"WX Tian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tian, W. X. et al. Screening of differentially expressed genes in the growth plate of broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia by microarray analysis. BMC Genom. 14, 276 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"1026_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6456-9","volume":"21","author":"AR Jahejo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jahejo, A. R. et al. Transcriptome-based screening of intracellular pathways and angiogenesis related genes at different stages of thiram induced tibial lesions in broiler chickens. BMC Genom. 21, 50 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"1026_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6564","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126564","volume":"22","author":"B Ko\u0142odziejska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko\u0142odziejska, B., St\u0119pie\u0144, N. & Kolmas, J. The influence of strontium on bone tissue metabolism and its application in osteoporosis treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 6564 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2015.10.006","volume":"80","author":"W Querido","year":"2016","unstructured":"Querido, W., Rossi, A. L. & Farina, M. The effects of strontium on bone mineral: a review on current knowledge and microanalytical approaches. Micron 80, 122\u2013134 (2016).","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"1026_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2020.123620","volume":"255","author":"SY Jung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jung, S. Y., Kim, H. J. & Oh, J. M. Synthetic mineral containing Sr, Ca, and Fe and its hybridization with soybean extract for synergetic bone regeneration. Mater. Chem. Phys. 255, 123620 (2020).","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"1026_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-018-0478-y","volume":"13","author":"T Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, T. et al. Strontium inhibits osteoclastogenesis by enhancing LRP6 and \u03b2-catenin-mediated OPG targeted by miR-181d-5p. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 13, 85\u201397 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"1026_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10030365","volume":"10","author":"D Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, D. et al. Strontium ranelate inhibits osteoclastogenesis through NF-\u03baB-Pathway-Dependent autophagy. Bioengineering 10, 365 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"1026_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36251","volume":"6","author":"S Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu, S. et al. Strontium inhibits titanium particle-induced osteoclast activation and chronic inflammation via suppression of NF-\u03baB pathway. Sci. Rep. 6, 36251 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1026_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01488A","volume":"10","author":"W Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, W. et al. Improved osseointegration of strontium-modified titanium implants by regulating angiogenesis and macrophage polarization. Biomater. Sci. 10, 2198\u20132214 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.136","volume":"181","author":"F Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, F. et al. Strontium Laminarin polysaccharide modulates osteogenesis-angiogenesis for bone regeneration. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 181, 452\u2013461 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"1026_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4462","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c16822","volume":"16","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. Polydopamine-functionalized strontium alginate\/hydroxyapatite composite microhydrogel loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor promotes bone formation and angiogenesis. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16, 4462\u20134477 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"1026_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10040414","volume":"10","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Recent advance of strontium functionalized in biomaterials for bone regeneration. Bioengineering 10, 414 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"1026_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.127077","volume":"74","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. In vivo quantification of strontium in bone among adults using portable X-ray fluorescence. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 74, 127077 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"1026_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.07.043","volume":"169","author":"C Bussola Tovani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bussola Tovani, C. et al. Strontium-driven physiological to pathological transition of bone-like architecture: a dose-dependent investigation. Acta Biomater. 169, 579\u2013588 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"1026_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9723","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c04078","volume":"22","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Strontium-incorporated carbon nitride nanosheets modulate intracellular tension for reinforced bone regeneration. Nano Lett. 22, 9723\u20139731 (2022).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"1026_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1198475","volume":"14","author":"X Xi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xi, X. et al. Strontium chloride improves bone mass by affecting the gut microbiota in young male rats. Front. Endocrinol. 14, 1198475 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1026_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s44149-023-00089-5","volume":"3","author":"SC Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, S. C. et al. Gut microbiota as a target in the bone health of livestock and poultry: roles of short-chain fatty acids. Anim. Dis. 3, 23 (2023).","journal-title":"Anim. Dis."},{"key":"1026_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2023.12.034","volume":"24","author":"B Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, B. et al. Diagnosis of leg diseases in broiler chickens: a retrospective review. J. Integr. Agric. 24, 984\u20131000 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"1026_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31425","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.247734","volume":"286","author":"HH Conaway","year":"2011","unstructured":"Conaway, H. H. et al. Retinoids stimulate periosteal bone resorption by enhancing the protein RANKL, a response inhibited by monomeric glucocorticoid receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 31425\u201331436 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"1026_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-011-0261-0","volume":"29","author":"W Balkan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balkan, W. et al. Retinoic acid inhibits NFATc1 expression and osteoclast differentiation. J. Bone Min. Metab. 29, 652\u2013661 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Metab."},{"key":"1026_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061348","volume":"12","author":"D Skrajnowska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Skrajnowska, D. et al. Effect of nano- and microzinc supplementation on the mineral composition of bones of rats with induced mammary gland cancer. Foods 12, 1348 (2023).","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"1026_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32839","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA04769A","volume":"14","author":"A H\u00f6ppel","year":"2024","unstructured":"H\u00f6ppel, A. et al. Cu-doped calcium phosphate supraparticles for bone tissue regeneration. RSC Adv. 14, 32839\u201332851 (2024).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"1026_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1190","volume":"9","author":"PS Sabir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sabir, P. S. & Abbas, K. A. Effect of strontium ranelate and cerium oxide addition in the diet on bone quality and expression level of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase genes in broiler chicken. Vet. Med. Sci. 9, 1726\u20131736 (2023).","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6801","volume":"95","author":"LC Browning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Browning, L. C. & Cowieson, A. J. Interactive effects of vitamin D3 and strontium on performance, nutrient retention and bone mineral composition in laying hens. J. Sci. Food Agric. 95, 1080\u20131087 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"1026_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7740079","volume":"2022","author":"RF Mota","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mota, R. F. et al. RANKL impairs the TLR4 pathway by increasing TRAF6 and RANK interaction in macrophages. Biomed. Res. Int. 2022, 7740079 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"1026_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2019.4710","volume":"38","author":"B Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, B. et al. Association of variant interactions in RANK, RANKL, OPG, TRAF6, and NFATC1 genes with the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. DNA Cell Biol. 38, 734\u2013746 (2019).","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"1026_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2024.112412","volume":"595","author":"GQ Yao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yao, G. Q., Zhu, M. & Insogna, K. PTH-dependent stabilization of RANKL mRNA is associated with increased phosphorylation of the KH-type splicing regulatory protein. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 595, 112412 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"1026_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2019.12.003","volume":"164","author":"S Salam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salam, S., Arif, A. & Mahmood, R. Thiram-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human erythrocytes: an in vitro study. Pestic. Biochem. Phy. 164, 14\u201315 (2020).","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Phy."},{"key":"1026_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114225","volume":"247","author":"Q Mo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mo, Q. et al. Thiram induces myocardial oxidative damage and apoptosis in broilers via interfering their cardiac metabolism. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 247, 114225 (2022).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"1026_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-023-00834-7","volume":"60","author":"T Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, T. et al. Cucumber seed polypeptides regulate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through OPG\/RANKL\/RANK and NF-\u03baB. Vitr. Cell Dev. Biol. Anim. 60, 54\u201366 (2024).","journal-title":"Vitr. Cell Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"1026_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109068","volume":"111","author":"MK Abdel-Rafei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdel-Rafei, M. K., Thabet, N. M. & Amin, M. M. Concerted regulation of OPG\/RANKL\/ NF\u2011\u03baB\/MMP-13 trajectories contribute to ameliorative capability of prodigiosin and\/or low dose \u03b3-radiation against adjuvant- induced arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 111, 109068 (2022).","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"1026_CR45","unstructured":"Henry J. P., Bordoni B. Histology, Osteoblasts. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; May 1, 2023."},{"key":"1026_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.04.095","volume":"462","author":"K Kover","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kover, K. et al. Osteocalcin protects pancreatic beta cell function and survival under high glucose conditions. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 462, 21\u201326 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"1026_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-016-0210-y","volume":"100","author":"N Bonnet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonnet, N. Bone-derived factors: a new gateway to regulate glycemia. Calcif. Tissue Int. 100, 174\u2013183 (2017).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"1026_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.05.002","volume":"22","author":"Z Zulfiqar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zulfiqar, Z., Huang, S. & Shi, Y. Dietary fiber derived short-chain fatty acids as a critical driver of the gut-bone axis in animal bone health: a review. Anim. Nutr. 22, 242\u2013258 (2025).","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"1026_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.03.005","volume":"362","author":"H Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, H. et al. Hypoxia enhanced bone regeneration through the HIF-1\u03b1\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in femoral head osteonecrosis. Am. J. Med. Sci. 362, 78\u201391 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.035","volume":"42","author":"KD Hankenson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hankenson, K. D. et al. Angiogenesis in bone regeneration. Injury 42, 556\u2013561 (2011).","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1026_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.34126","volume":"10","author":"Y Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng, Y. et al. Type H blood vessels in bone modeling and remodeling. Theranostics 10, 426\u2013436 (2020).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1026_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo7868","volume":"9","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. Maintaining hypoxia environment of subchondral bone alleviates osteoarthritis progression. Sci. Adv. 9, eabo7868 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1026_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13146","volume":"507","author":"SK Ramasamy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramasamy, S. K. et al. Endothelial Notch activity promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone. Nature 507, 376\u2013380 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1026_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.01.023","volume":"65","author":"C Ziegenhain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ziegenhain, C. et al. Comparative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing methods. Mol. Cell. 65, 631\u2013643.e4 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"key":"1026_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2024.101350","volume":"12","author":"P Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, P. et al. Melatonin ameliorates Slc26a2-associated chondrodysplasias by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of chondrocytes. Genes Dis. 12, 101350 (2024).","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"1026_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.10.2053","volume":"86","author":"RM Leach Jr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leach, R. M. Jr & Monsonego-Ornan, E. Tibial dyschondroplasia 40 years later. Poult. Sci. 86, 2053\u20132058 (2007).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0712041","volume":"71","author":"HM Edwards Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Edwards, H. M. Jr, Elliot, M. A. & Sooncharernying, S. Effect of dietary calcium on tibial dyschondroplasia. Interaction with light, cholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, protein, and synthetic zeolite. Poult. Sci. 71, 2041\u20132055 (1992).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12100958","volume":"12","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Morinda officinalis polysaccharides ameliorates bone growth by attenuating oxidative stress and regulating the gut microbiota in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia chickens. Metabolites 12, 958 (2022).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"1026_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000486060","volume":"50","author":"D Goltzman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goltzman, D., Mannstadt, M. & Marcocci, C. Physiology of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis. Front. Horm. Res. 50, 1\u201313 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Horm. Res."},{"key":"1026_CR60","volume":"13","author":"M Tinawi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tinawi, M. Disorders of calcium metabolism: hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. Cureus 13, e12420 (2021).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1026_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0159-y","volume":"15","author":"M Levi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levi, M. et al. Mechanisms of phosphate transport. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 15, 482\u2013500 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"1026_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-018-2241-x","volume":"471","author":"V Sorribas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sorribas, V., Guill\u00e9n, N. & Sosa, C. Substrates and inhibitors of phosphate transporters: from experimental tools to pathophysiological relevance. Pflug. Arch. 471, 53\u201365 (2019).","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"1026_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI133473","volume":"130","author":"JY Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J. Y. et al. Parathyroid hormone-dependent bone formation requires butyrate production by intestinal microbiota. J. Clin. Investig. 130, 1767\u20131781 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"1026_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3390\/endocrines4030043","volume":"4","author":"M Koike","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koike, M. et al. Regulation of phosphate transporters and novel regulator of phosphate metabolism. Endocrines 4, 607\u2013615 (2023).","journal-title":"Endocrines"},{"key":"1026_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040757","volume":"13","author":"YN Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu, Y. N. et al. Gut-X axis and its role in poultry bone health: a review. Microorganisms 13, 757 (2025).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1026_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.09.012","volume":"1821","author":"MA Kane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kane, M. A. Analysis, occurrence, and function of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1821, 10\u201320 (2012).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"1026_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166085","volume":"1867","author":"B Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, B., Cai, S. Y. & Boyer, J. L. The role of the retinoid receptor, RAR\/RXR heterodimer, in liver physiology. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1867, 166085 (2021).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"1026_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.08.006","volume":"21","author":"Y Wan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wan, Y. PPAR\u03b3 in bone homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 21, 722\u2013728 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1026_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X10666150531173309","volume":"11","author":"H Zhuang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhuang, H. et al. Molecular mechanisms of PPAR-\u03b3 governing MSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 11, 255\u2013264 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"1026_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8866","volume":"6","author":"J Ramilowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramilowski, J. et al. A draft network of ligand\u2013receptor-mediated multicellular signaling in human. Nat. Commun. 6, 7866 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1026_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-019-0107-0","volume":"25","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Melatonin prevents bone destruction in mice with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis. Mol. Med. 25, 43 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"1026_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2022.101446","volume":"62","author":"Q Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen, Q. et al. Effects of high-dose all-trans retinoic acid on longitudinal bone growth of young rats. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 62, 101446 (2022).","journal-title":"Growth Horm. IGF Res."},{"key":"1026_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23287","volume":"57","author":"B Pawlikowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pawlikowski, B., Wragge, J. & Siegenthaler, J. A. Retinoic acid signaling in vascular development. Genesis 57, e23287 (2019).","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"1026_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2011.04.013","volume":"43","author":"AB Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez, A. B. et al. Mutual regulation of hypoxic and retinoic acid related signalling in tubular proximal cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 43, 1198\u20131207 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1026_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-06187-9","volume":"33","author":"Z Yazdanpanah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yazdanpanah, Z. et al. Does exercise affect bone mineral density and content when added to a calorie-restricted diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Osteoporos. Int. 33, 339\u2013354 (2022).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"1026_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2019.105597","volume":"116","author":"LA Roa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roa, L. A., Bloemen, M., Carels, C. E. L. & Wagener, F. A. D. T. G. Von den Hoff JW. Retinoic acid disrupts osteogenesis in pre-osteoblasts by down-regulating WNT signaling. Int J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 116, 105597 (2019).","journal-title":"Int J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1026_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S215786","volume":"14","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. The antagonist of retinoic acid receptor \u03b1, ER-50891 antagonizes the inhibitive effect of all-trans retinoic acid and rescues bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblastogenic differentiation. Drug Des. Dev. Ther. 14, 297\u2013308 (2020).","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"1026_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1993.1209","volume":"207","author":"M Iwamoto","year":"1993","unstructured":"Iwamoto, M. et al. Retinoic acid induces rapid mineralization and expression of mineralization-related genes in chondrocytes. Exp. Cell Res. 207, 413\u2013420 (1993).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"1026_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104376","volume":"103","author":"X He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He, X. et al. Whole-transcriptome analysis reveals the effect of retinoic acid on small intestinal mucosal injury in cage-stressed young laying ducks. Poult. Sci. 103, 104376 (2024).","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"1026_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15203005","volume":"15","author":"S Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo, S. et al. Interactive effects of vitamin A and all-trans retinoic acid on growth performance, intestinal health, and plasma metabolomics of Broiler chickens. Animals 15, 3005 (2025).","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"1026_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-023-00457-6","volume":"28","author":"W Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, W. et al. Empagliflozin improves renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and enhancing mitochondrial fusion through AMPK-OPA1 pathway promotion. Cell Mol. Biol. Lett. 28, 42 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"1026_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1768953","volume":"15","author":"A Chowdhury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdhury, A. et al. Toluidine blue stain as a rapid onsite tool for preliminary diagnosis in imprint smears of bronchoscopic biopsy: a cytohistopathological correlation. J. Lab Physicians 15, 562\u2013566 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Lab Physicians"},{"key":"1026_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00614-9","volume":"29","author":"H Zhuang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhuang, H. et al. Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates chondrocytes inflammation and osteoarthritis via the AhR\/NF-\u03baB axis. Mol. Med. 29, 17 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"1026_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04784-y","volume":"19","author":"KW Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong, K. W., Chen, Y. S. & Lin, C. L. Evaluation optimum ratio of synthetic bone graft material and platelet rich fibrin mixture in a metal 3D printed implant to enhance bone regeneration. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 19, 299 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."}],"container-title":["npj Biofilms and Microbiomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01026-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01026-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01026-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:02:58Z","timestamp":1789948978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41522-026-01026-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41522-026-01026-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-5008"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-5008","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"178"}}