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To elucidate metabolic networks in lignocellulose-degrading consortia, inocula of various origins were enriched on cellulose or xylan. Community composition and metabolic functions were revealed by amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, genome-scale metabolic modelling, and metabolic simulations. In cellulose-enriched communities,\n                    <jats:italic>Fibrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lacrimispora<\/jats:italic>\n                    consistently dominated as primary cellulose degraders, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    likely functioned as secondary degraders. Acetic acid (up to 1.3\u2009g\u2009l\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    were the main fermentation products. Xylan enrichments produced C2-C6 fatty acids (up to 3.9\u2009g\u2009l\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), lactic acid (up to 1.2\u2009g\u2009l\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), ethanol (up to 1.2\u2009g\u2009l\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominated one xylan community and produced mainly butyric acid, while\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominated another and produced mainly lactic acid. Caproic acid production was experimentally observed in one xylan enrichment. Metagenomic annotations and metabolic simulations suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Lacrimispora amygdalina<\/jats:italic>\n                    degraded xylan and\n                    <jats:italic>Robinsoniella peoriensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    consumed xylobiose as a secondary consumer, both likely producing ethanol and lactic acid that supported caproic and butyric acid production by\n                    <jats:italic>Caproicibacter fermentans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Integrated analysis identified functional guilds and clarified the roles of degraders and non-degraders, providing a blueprint for engineering synthetic consortia for sustainable biochemical production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-026-01072-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:45:26Z","timestamp":1782301526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional roles of degraders and non-degraders in anaerobic trophic networks converting lignocellulose into monocarboxylates"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Bonatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idun Maria Tokvam","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Kleinsteuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ove","family":"\u00d8y\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hauke","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4252-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heike","family":"Str\u00e4uber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.03.130","volume":"215","author":"S Venkata Mohan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Venkata Mohan, S. et al. 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