{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:10:29Z","timestamp":1793909429573,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002704","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Contra el C\u00e1ncer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INVES20095LLOP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INVES20095LLOP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002704","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Contra el C\u00e1ncer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AECC, LABAE16020PORTT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AECC, LABAE16020PORTT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002704","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Contra el C\u00e1ncer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AIOC15152806CRUZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIOC15152806CRUZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AGAUR-FEDER","award":["2021 SGR 01510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 SGR 01510"]}]},{"name":"AGAUR-FEDER","award":["2022 SGR 01112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 SGR 01112"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI23\/00506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/00506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Breast Cancer"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-026-00920-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:18:18Z","timestamp":1772705898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["RAD51-based homologous recombination deficiency is associated with treatment response and survival in early breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alba","family":"Llop-Guevara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Villacampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Solinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Torres-Esquius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Campanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Simonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tommasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Corian\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Boggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Michiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Minari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Bortesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rapacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Dieci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Lambertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Zoppoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Schirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Casarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Cretella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cortesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico Maria","family":"Silini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Willard-Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anais","family":"Boisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Musolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Balma\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"920_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, A. et al. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis of breastcancer reveals distinct long-term prognostic subtypes. Oncogenesis. 13, 22 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-024-00521-6"},{"key":"920_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105215","volume":"384","author":"ANJ Tutt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tutt, A. N. J. et al. Adjuvant olaparib for patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 2394\u20132405 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"920_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30905-1","volume":"19","author":"R Salgado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salgado, R. & Loi, S. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: increasing clinical relevance. Lancet Oncol. 19, 3\u20135 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"920_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myers, S. P. et al. Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer in BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers. npj Breast Cancer. 10, 63 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-024-00674-y"},{"key":"920_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25911","volume":"117","author":"LJ Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, L. J. et al. Clinical outcome of triple negative breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers and noncarriers. Cancer 117, 3093\u20133100 (2011).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"920_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.09.159","volume":"33","author":"CE Geyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geyer, C. E. et al. Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1\/2 and high-risk, early breast cancer. Ann. Oncol. 33, 1250\u20131268 (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"920_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4624-7","volume":"168","author":"ML Telli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Telli, M. L. et al. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status predicts response to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative or BRCA1\/2 mutation-associated breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 168, 625\u2013630 (2018).","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"920_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llop-Guevara, A. et al. Association of RAD51 with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and clinical outcomes in untreated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): analysis of the GeparSixto randomized clinical trial. Ann Oncol. 32, 1590\u20131596 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.09.003"},{"key":"920_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-2409","volume":"82","author":"B Pellegrino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pellegrino, B. et al. Preclinical in vivo validation of the RAD51 test for identification of homologous recombination-deficient tumors and patient stratification. Cancer Res. 82, 1646\u20131657 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"920_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.101937","volume":"6","author":"S Arce-Gallego","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arce-Gallego, S. et al. Homologous recombination repair status in metastatic prostate cancer by next-generation sequencing and functional immunofluorescence. Cell Rep. Med. 6, 101937 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"920_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30904-X","volume":"19","author":"C Denkert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Denkert, C. et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 3771 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Lancet Oncol. 19, 40\u201350 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"920_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, P. et al. Clinical and biomarker findings of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and carboplatin plus docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer: NeoPACT phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 10, 227\u2013235 (2023).","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.5033"},{"key":"920_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leon-Ferre, R. A. et al. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer. JAMA 331, 1135\u20131144 (2024).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.3056"},{"key":"920_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yndestad, S. et al. Homologous recombination deficiency across subtypes of primary breast cancer. JCO Precis. Oncol. 7, e2300338 (2023).","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.23.00338"},{"key":"920_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelico, G. et al. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer: a review. Cancers 15, 4479 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184479"},{"key":"920_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.01.009","volume":"34","author":"SJ Luen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luen, S. J. et al. Genomic characterisation of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer arising in very young women. Ann. Oncol. 34, 397\u2013409 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"920_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0664","volume":"26","author":"ML Telli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Telli, M. L. et al. Association of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with homologous recombination deficiency and BRCA1\/2 status in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer: a pooled analysis. Clin. Cancer Res. 26, 2704\u20132710 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"920_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01010","volume":"37","author":"S Loi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loi, S. et al. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis: a pooled individual patient analysis of early-stage triple-negative breast cancers. J. Clin. Oncol. 37, 559\u2013569 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"920_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-021-00362-1","volume":"8","author":"S Loi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loi, S. et al. Tumour infiltrating lymphocyte stratification of prognostic staging of early-stage triple negative breast cancer. npj Breast Cancer 8, 3 (2022).","journal-title":"npj Breast Cancer"},{"key":"920_CR20","unstructured":"Wolff, A. C. et al. Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: ASCO\/CAP clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 31, 3997\u20134013 (2023)."},{"key":"920_CR21","unstructured":"Castroviejo-Bermejo, M. et al. A RAD51 assay feasible in routine tumour samples calls PARP inhibitor response beyond BRCA mutation. EMBO Mol. Med. e9172 (2018)."},{"key":"920_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-2409","volume":"82","author":"B Pellegrino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pellegrino, B. et al. Preclinical in vivo validation of the RAD51 test for identification of homologous recombination-deficient tumours and patient stratification. Cancer Res. 82, 1646\u20131657 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"920_CR23","unstructured":"Salgado, R. et al. The evaluation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) in breast cancer: recommendations by an International TILS Working Group 2014. Ann Oncol. 259\u2013271 (2015)."},{"key":"920_CR24","unstructured":"Richards, S. et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation. Genet. Med. (2015)."}],"container-title":["npj Breast Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41523-026-00920-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41523-026-00920-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41523-026-00920-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T05:21:34Z","timestamp":1776144094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41523-026-00920-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41523-026-00920-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-4677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2374-4677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Alba Llop-Guevara, Violeta Serra and Judith Balmana are co-authors of a patent related to this work (WO2019122411A1, pending). Alba Llop-Guevara and Violeta Serra are current employees of AstraZeneca. Benedetta Pellegrino reports advisory board from Daiichi-Sankyo, other support from Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis and Gilead; and personal fees from MSD outside the submitted work. Isabel Pimentel reports advisory board functions from AstraZeneca and received honoraria and\/or travel support from MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Gilead. Judith Balmana received honoraria from MSD and AstraZeneca. Laura Cortesi reports honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Gilead, Roche and Diichi-Sankyo. Laura Cortesi reports a relationship with AstraZeneca, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo and Pfizer that includes board membership and consulting or advisory. Cinzia Solinas reports travel grants from Lilly and Ipsen, and speaker honoraria from Bayer. Guillermo Villacampa received a speaker\u2019s fee from Pfizer, MSD, GSK and Pierre Fabrer, and held an advisory role with AstraZeneca and received consultant fees from Reveal Genomics. Gabriele Zoppoli reports honoraria from Menarini Stemline, travel grants from Menarini Stemline and Novartis. Cristina Cruz reports honoraria and\/or travel support from Novartis, Daichi Sanchyo, Roche, Lilly and Gilead. Cristina Saura reports consulting fees, honoraria or meeting\/travel support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Genentech,Gilead, Lilly, MediTech, Menarini, MSD Spain, Novartis, Pfizer, Philips Healthcare, Pharmalex, Pierre Fabre, Puma Biotechnology, Roche, Seagen, Synthon and Zymeworks. Matteo Lambertini reports advisory role for Roche, Lilly, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Seagen, Gilead, MSD, Pierre Fabre, Menarini and Exact Sciences; receiving speaker honoraria from Roche, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Libbs, Daiichi Sankyo, Takeda, Ipsen, Menarini and AstraZeneca; receiving travel grants from Gilead, Roche, and Daiichi Sankyo; receiving research funding (to his institution) from Gilead; and having nonfinancial interests as a member of the national council of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM). Maria Vittoria Dieci reports personal fees and\/or advisory board functions from Novartis, Lilly, Seagen, Exact Science, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Roche, MSD, AstraZeneca. She also reports travel\/accommodation support from Roche and Gilead, licensing Fees, listed as co-inventor in patent applications for HER2 DX. Research Grant from Roche. Antonino Musolino reports Consulting or Advisory Role from Lilly, Eisai Europe, Daiichi Sankyo, Astra Zeneca, Novartis. Research Funding from Lilly and travel support from Pfizer. Sara Torres-Esquius, Nicoletta Campanini, Sara Simonetti, Chiara Tommasi, Olga Serra, Matilde Corian\u00f2, Daniela Boggiani, Maria Michiara, Roberta Minari, Beatrice Bortesi, Elena Rapacchi, Alessio Schirone, Chiara Casarini, Elisabetta Cretella, Enrico Maria Silini, Karen Willard-Gallo and Anais Boisson have no conflicts of interest to declare related to this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"58"}}