{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:11:15Z","timestamp":1791411075075,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HG011711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HG011711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HG011711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HG011711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HG011711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HG011711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HG011711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HG011711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HG011711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HG011711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HG011711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HG011711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Genom. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-025-00530-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T12:05:34Z","timestamp":1764590734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Survey of U.S. reproductive medicine clinicians\u2019 attitudes on polygenic embryo screening"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"R\u00e9my A.","family":"Furrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorit","family":"Barlevy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aayushi","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shai","family":"Carmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Lencz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"L\u00e1zaro-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"530_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaa021","volume":"2020","author":"ESHRE PGT Consortium Steering Committee et al.","year":"2020","unstructured":"ESHRE PGT Consortium Steering Committee et al. ESHRE PGT Consortium good practice recommendations for the organisation of PGT. Hum. Reprod. Open 2020, hoaa021 (2020).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open"},{"key":"530_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa019","volume":"26","author":"D Cimadomo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cimadomo, D. et al. The dawn of the future: 30 years from the first biopsy of a human embryo. The detailed history of an ongoing revolution. Hum. Reprod. Update 26, 453\u2013473 (2020).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"530_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmae012","volume":"30","author":"A Capalbo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Capalbo, A. et al. Screening embryos for polygenic disease risk: a review of epidemiological, clinical, and ethical considerations. Hum. Reprod. Update 30, 529\u2013557 (2024).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"530_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64716","volume":"10","author":"T Lencz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lencz, T. et al. Utility of polygenic embryo screening for disease depends on the selection strategy. eLife 10, e64716 (2021).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"530_CR5","unstructured":"Devlin, H., Burgis, T., Pegg, D. & Wilson, J. US startup charging couples to \u2018screen embryos for IQ\u2019. The Guardian (2024)."},{"key":"530_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2105065","volume":"385","author":"P Turley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turley, P. et al. Problems with using polygenic scores to select embryos. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 78\u201386 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"530_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-01019-3","volume":"23","author":"G L\u00e1zaro-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00e1zaro-Mu\u00f1oz, G., Pereira, S., Carmi, S. & Lencz, T. Screening embryos for polygenic conditions and traits: ethical considerations for an emerging technology. Genet. Med. 23, 432\u2013434 (2021).","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"530_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.033","volume":"179","author":"E Karavani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karavani, E. et al. Screening human embryos for polygenic traits has limited utility. Cell 179, 1424\u20131435.e8 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"530_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03074-0","volume":"41","author":"D Barlevy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barlevy, D. et al. Patient interest in and clinician reservations on polygenic embryo screening: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 41, 1221\u20131231 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"530_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0379-x","volume":"51","author":"AR Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin, A. R. et al. Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities. Nat. Genet. 51, 584\u2013591 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"530_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116599","volume":"343","author":"M Siermann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siermann, M. et al. \u201cAre we not going too far?\u201c: Socio-ethical considerations of preimplantation genetic testing using polygenic risk scores according to healthcare professionals. Soc. Sci. Med. 343, 116599 (2024).","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"530_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.104294","volume":"49","author":"M Siermann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siermann, M. et al. Perspectives of preimplantation genetic testing patients in Belgium on the ethics of polygenic embryo screening. Reprod. Biomed. Online 49, 104294 (2024).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"530_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.03.013","volume":"47","author":"WM Neuhausser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neuhausser, W. M. et al. Acceptance of genetic editing and of whole genome sequencing of human embryos by patients with infertility before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reprod. Biomed. Online 47, 157\u2013163 (2023).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"530_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.07.717","volume":"116","author":"J Eccles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eccles, J., Marin, D., Duffy, L., Chen, S. H. & Treff, N. R. Rate of patients electing for polygenic risk scores in preimplantation genetic testing. Fertil. Steril. 116, e267\u2013e268 (2021).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"530_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-025-03397-6","volume":"42","author":"M Katz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Katz, M. et al. Patient perspectives after receiving simulated preconception polygenic risk scores (PRS) for family planning. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 42, 997\u20131013 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"530_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2410832","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.10832","volume":"7","author":"RA Furrer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Furrer, R. A. et al. Public attitudes, interests, and concerns regarding polygenic embryo screening. JAMA Netw. Open 7, e2410832 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"530_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade1083","volume":"379","author":"MN Meyer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meyer, M. N., Tan, T., Benjamin, D. J., Laibson, D. & Turley, P. Public views on polygenic screening of embryos. Science 379, 541\u2013543 (2023).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"530_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113796","volume":"274","author":"S Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Johnson, R. A., Novembre, J., Freeland, E. & Conley, D. Public attitudes toward genetic risk scoring in medicine and beyond. Soc. Sci. Med. 274, 113796 (2021).","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"530_CR19","unstructured":"PRS. https:\/\/www.eshre.eu\/Europe\/Position-statements\/PRS."},{"key":"530_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-021-01000-x","volume":"30","author":"F Forzano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forzano, F. et al. The use of polygenic risk scores in pre-implantation genetic testing: an unproven, unethical practice. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 30, 493\u2013495 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"530_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1668","volume":"32","author":"H Wand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wand, H. et al. Clinical genetic counseling and translation considerations for polygenic scores in personalized risk assessments: A Practice Resource from the National Society of Genetic Counselors. J. Genet. Couns. 32, 558\u2013575 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Genet. Couns."},{"key":"530_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2023.100803","volume":"25","author":"A Abu-El-Haija","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abu-El-Haija, A. et al. The clinical application of polygenic risk scores: A points to consider statement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet. Med. 25, 100803 (2023).","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"530_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ethics Committee of the AmericanSociety for Reproductive Medicine. Use of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic adult-onset conditions: an Ethics Committee opinion. Fertil. Steril. 122, 607\u2013611 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.05.165"},{"key":"530_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2023.101052","volume":"26","author":"TA Grebe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grebe, T. A. et al. Clinical utility of polygenic risk scores for embryo selection: A points to consider statement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet. Med. 26, 101052 (2024).","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"530_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110516684804","volume":"44","author":"R Klitzman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klitzman, R. Struggles in defining and addressing requests for \u201cFamily Balancing\u201d: Ethical issues faced by providers and patients. J. Law. Med. Ethics 44, 616\u2013629 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Law. Med. Ethics"},{"key":"530_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e31818180a1","volume":"10","author":"S Baruch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baruch, S., Kaufman, D. J. & Hudson, K. L. Preimplantation genetic screening: a survey of in vitro fertilization clinics. Genet. Med. 10, 685\u2013690 (2008).","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"530_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2010.00469.x","volume":"38","author":"B Moulton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moulton, B. & King, J. S. Aligning ethics with medical decision-making: the quest for informed patient choice. J. Law. Med. Ethics 38, 85\u201397 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Law. Med. Ethics"},{"key":"530_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4065\/83.3.313","volume":"83","author":"TJ Paterick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paterick, T. J., Carson, G. V., Allen, M. C. & Paterick, T. E. Medical informed consent: general considerations for physicians. Mayo Clin. Proc. 83, 313\u2013319 (2008).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"530_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlevy, D. et al. Eugenics and polygenic embryo screening: Public, clinician, and patient perceptions of conditions versus traits. Genet. Med. 101507 (2025)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2025.101507"},{"key":"530_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.12.135","volume":"105","author":"KT Barnhart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnhart, K. T. et al. Practice patterns, satisfaction, and demographics of reproductive endocrinologists: results of the 2014 Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Workforce Survey. Fertil. Steril. 105, 1281\u20131286 (2016).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"530_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.10.009","volume":"117","author":"L Stadtmauer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stadtmauer, L., Sadek, S., Richter, K. S., Amato, P. & Hurst, B. S. Changing gender gap and practice patterns in reproductive endocrinology and infertility subspecialists in the United States: a Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility report. Fertil. Steril. 117, 421\u2013430 (2022).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"530_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-023-01333-9","volume":"31","author":"M Siermann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siermann, M. et al. Limitations, concerns and potential: attitudes of healthcare professionals toward preimplantation genetic testing using polygenic risk scores. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 31, 1133\u20131138 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"530_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70072","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.70072","volume":"34","author":"S Shah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shah, S., Cantor, R. M., Quinn, M., Shamshoni, J. & Palmer, C. G. S. Preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic disorders: Viewpoints of reproductive genetic counselors and reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialists in the United States. J. Genet. Couns. 34, e70072 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Genet. Couns."},{"key":"530_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furrer, R., Carmi, S., Lencz, T. & L\u00e1zaro-Mu\u00f1oz, G. Nurtured genetics: prenatal testing and the anchoring of genetic expectancies. Am. J. Bioeth. 23, 42\u201344 (2023).","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2023.2169397"}],"container-title":["npj Genomic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41525-025-00530-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41525-025-00530-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41525-025-00530-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T12:05:37Z","timestamp":1764590737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41525-025-00530-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41525-025-00530-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-7944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-7944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Shai Carmi receives personal fees from MyHeritage for work unrelated to this paper. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to report.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"79"}}