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Peripheral skin cooling (PSC) may enhance neuroendocrine function, potentially improving +Gz resiliency and influencing leukocyte and hematologic factors. This study investigated whether PSC augments the cumulative +Gz stress index (CGSI) and shifts it toward noradrenergic dependency. Eighteen men underwent a graded +Gz profile in a crossover design, with PSC applied using Arctic Sun cooling pads. Neuroendocrine and blood profiles were assessed pre- and post-+Gz. CGSI did not differ between groups, but serum osmolality increased only in PSC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03). In PSC, CGSI correlated with norepinephrine (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.71) and other markers, suggesting enhanced norepinephrine responsiveness despite similar serum levels. This response may be cardio-protective for space missions and ICU patients. Additionally, baseline serum metanephrine emerged as a potential marker for +Gz resilience, with PSC showing potential leukocytic and hematologic involvement in CGSI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-025-00486-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T08:57:44Z","timestamp":1751446664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of peripheral skin cooling on neuroendocrine leukocytic and hematological reactions during Hypergravity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Nordine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Kagelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kloka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0145-179X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanns-Christian","family":"Gunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5363-793X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Pilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4746-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Opatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas L.","family":"Bothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wade, C. 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