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Habenula, involved in regulating mood, reward, and motor functions, remains underexplored in PD. This study investigated whole-brain and habenular functional connectivity and their clinical correlates in early-stage PD using 7\u2009T MRI. Functional connectivity was analyzed in 104 early-stage PD and 45 healthy controls. Whole-brain analysis revealed increased connectivity in two clusters in PD: the first involved paracentral lobule, middle frontal gyrus, orbital middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, angular gyrus, middle cingulate gyrus, supplementary motor area; the second included middle cingulate gyrus and cerebellum Crus I. Left habenula showed increased connectivity with right middle temporal and angular gyri (p-FDR\u2009=\u20090.011). Levodopa equivalent daily dose positively correlated with connectivity between postcentral gyrus and cerebellum (p-FDR\u2009=\u20090.020). These findings highlight early motor and cognitive network disruptions and suggest these regions may serve as potential markers of PD-related neurobiological changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00973-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T09:52:39Z","timestamp":1759312359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Altered habenular and whole brain functional connectivity in early Parkinson\u2019s disease using 7\u2009T MRI"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bedia","family":"Samanci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulas","family":"Ay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Kuijf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonny","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Temel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","volume":"386","author":"LV Kalia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalia, L. 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