{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1794266718618,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFA1200903 and 2022YFC2409700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1200903 and 2022YFC2409700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project","award":["No. 24PJA015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 24PJA015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Parkinsons Dis."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01145-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:18:04Z","timestamp":1760959084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dysfunctional digestive tract highlights the metabolic hallmarks of nanoplastic-exacerbated Parkinson\u2019s pathology"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiufang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Andrikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu Chun","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1145_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094559","volume":"304","author":"RC Thompson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thompson, R. C. et al. Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science 304, 838 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1145_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123415","volume":"401","author":"L Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Environmental fate, toxicity and risk management strategies of nanoplastics in the environment: current status and future perspectives. J. Hazard. Mater. 401, 123415 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"1145_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32532-5","volume":"13","author":"W Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei, W. et al. Anionic nanoplastic exposure induces endothelial leakiness. Nat. Commun. 13, 4757 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1145_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120618","volume":"356","author":"Y Arif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arif, Y., Mir, A. R., Zieli\u0144ski, P., Hayat, S. & Bajguz, A. Microplastics and nanoplastics: source, behavior, remediation, and multi-level environmental impact. J. Environ. Manag. 356, 120618 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"1145_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(02)00220-5","volume":"44","author":"JG Derraik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Derraik, J. G. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 842\u2013852 (2002).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"1145_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16556","DOI":"10.1021\/jp1054759","volume":"114","author":"P Bhattacharya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhattacharya, P., Lin, S., Turner, J. P. & Ke, P. C. Physical adsorption of charged plastic nanoparticles affects algal photosynthesis. J. Phys. Chem. C114, 16556\u201316561 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"1145_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.3c00052","volume":"1","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Potential health impact of microplastics: a review of environmental distribution, human exposure, and toxic effects. Environ. Health 1, 249\u2013257 (2023).","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"1145_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117249","volume":"167","author":"PK Rose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rose, P. K., Yadav, S., Kataria, N. & Khoo, K. S. Microplastics and nanoplastics in the terrestrial food chain: uptake, translocation, trophic transfer, ecotoxicology, and human health risk. Trends Anal. Chem. 167, 117249 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1145_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136424","volume":"480","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. From insects to mammals! Tissue accumulation and transgenerational transfer of micro\/nano-plastics through the food chain. J. Hazard. Mater. 480, 136424 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"1145_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S. E., Yi, Y., Moon, S., Yoon, H. & Park, Y. S. Impact of micro- and nanoplastics on mitochondria. Metabolites 12, 897 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12100897"},{"key":"1145_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107173","volume":"163","author":"A Weber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weber, A. et al. Nanoplastics affect the inflammatory cytokine release by primary human monocytes and dendritic cells. Environ. Int. 163, 107173 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"1145_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EN00291E","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Microglial clearance of Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid-beta obstructed by nanoplastics. Environ. Sci. Nano 12, 3247\u20133260 (2025).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"1145_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12483","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c03980","volume":"56","author":"S Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, S. et al. Metabolomics reveal nanoplastic-induced mitochondrial damage in human liver and lung cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 56, 12483\u201312493 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1145_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309822","volume":"390","author":"R Marfella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marfella, R. et al. Microplastics and nanoplastics in atheromas and cardiovascular events. N. Engl. J. Med. 390, 900\u2013910 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1145_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104610118","volume":"118","author":"J-B Fleury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleury, J.-B. & Baulin, V. A. Microplastics destabilize lipid membranes by mechanical stretching. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2104610118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1145_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16790","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02335","volume":"18","author":"Y Ji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ji, Y. et al. Realistic nanoplastics induced pulmonary damage via the crosstalk of ferritinophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. ACS Nano 18, 16790\u201316807 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1145_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.12.004","volume":"29","author":"SM MohanKumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"MohanKumar, S. M., Campbell, A., Block, M. & Veronesi, B. Particulate matter, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 29, 479\u2013488 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"1145_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-020-00358-y","volume":"17","author":"M Pr\u00fcst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pr\u00fcst, M., Meijer, J. & Westerink, R. H. S. The plastic brain: neurotoxicity of micro- and nanoplastics. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 17, 24 (2020).","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"1145_CR19","first-page":"vi","volume":"533","author":"K Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin, K. et al. A comparative review of microplastics and nanoplastics: toxicity hazards on digestive, reproductive and nervous system. Sci. Total Environ. 533, vi\u2013vii (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1145_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8190","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c01872","volume":"16","author":"M Teng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teng, M. et al. Polystyrene nanoplastics toxicity to zebrafish: dysregulation of the Brain-intestine-microbiota axis. ACS Nano 16, 8190\u20138204 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1145_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Cerebral to systemic representations of Alzheimer\u2019s pathogenesis stimulated by polystyrene nanoplastics. Environ. Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/envhealth.5c00160 (2025).","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.5c00160"},{"key":"1145_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14182","volume":"16","author":"C Jim\u00e9nez-Arroyo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Arroyo, C., Tamargo, A., Molinero, N. & Moreno-Arribas, M. V. The gut microbiota, a key to understanding the health implications of micro(nano)plastics and their biodegradation. Microb. Biotechnol. 16, 34\u201353 (2023).","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1145_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12795","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312795","volume":"22","author":"W Grodzicki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grodzicki, W., Dziendzikowska, K., Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J. & Kruszewski, M. Nanoplastic impact on the gut-brain axis: current knowledge and future directions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 12795 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1145_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131949","volume":"458","author":"H Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang, H. et al. The gut-brain axis involved in polystyrene nanoplastics-induced neurotoxicity via reprogramming the circadian rhythm-related pathways. J. Hazard. Mater. 458, 131949 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"1145_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123107","volume":"357","author":"L Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi, L. et al. Innovative mechanisms of micro- and nanoplastic-induced brain injury: emphasis on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Life Sci. 357, 123107 (2024).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"1145_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EN01017E","volume":"12","author":"K Moiniafshari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moiniafshari, K. et al. A perspective on the potential impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on the human central nervous system. Environ. Sci. Nano 12, 1809\u20131820 (2025).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"1145_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03453-1","volume":"31","author":"AJ Nihart","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nihart, A. J. et al. Bioaccumulation of microplastics in decedent human brains. Nat. Med. 31, 1114\u20131119 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1145_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135937","volume":"54","author":"SM Goldman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldman, S. M. Environmental toxins and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 54, 141\u2013164 (2014).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"1145_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172838","volume":"931","author":"A Aravindan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aravindan, A., Newell, M. E. & Halden, R. U. Literature review and meta-analysis of environmental toxins associated with increased risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci. Total Environ. 931, 172838 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1145_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128459","volume":"430","author":"B Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang, B. et al. Brain single-nucleus transcriptomics highlights that polystyrene nanoplastics potentially induce Parkinson\u2019s disease-like neurodegeneration by causing energy metabolism disorders in mice. J. Hazard. Mater. 430, 128459 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"1145_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadi8716","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi8716","volume":"9","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Z. et al. Anionic nanoplastic contaminants promote Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated \u03b1-synuclein aggregation. Sci. Adv. 9, eadi8716 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1145_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2308753","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308753","volume":"20","author":"X Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang, X. et al. Nanoplastic stimulates the amyloidogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s alpha-synuclein NACore. Small 20, e2308753 (2024).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1145_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c13914","volume":"19","author":"X Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang, X. et al. Polystyrene nanoplastics hitch-hike the gut\u2013brain axis to exacerbate Parkinson\u2019s pathology. ACS Nano 19, 5475\u20135492 (2025).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1145_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.03.009","volume":"133","author":"A Anandhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anandhan, A. et al. Metabolic dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease: bioenergetics, redox homeostasis and central carbon metabolism. Brain Res. Bull. 133, 12\u201330 (2017).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"1145_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01866-2","volume":"28","author":"X Yuan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuan, X. et al. Propagation of pathologic \u03b1-synuclein from kidney to brain may contribute to Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat. Neurosci. 28, 577\u2013588 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"1145_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7060","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15731","volume":"288","author":"V Cortez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cortez, V. & Schultz-Cherry, S. The role of goblet cells in viral pathogenesis. FEBS J. 288, 7060\u20137072 (2021).","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"1145_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67292","volume":"10","author":"JK Gustafsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gustafsson, J. K. et al. Intestinal goblet cells sample and deliver lumenal antigens by regulated endocytic uptake and transcytosis. Elife 10, e67292 (2021).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1145_CR38","first-page":"116","volume":"6","author":"W Dieterich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dieterich, W., Schink, M. & Zopf, Y. Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Med. Sci. 6, 116 (2018).","journal-title":"Med. Sci."},{"key":"1145_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26307","volume":"30","author":"A Keshavarzian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keshavarzian, A. et al. Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 30, 1351\u20131360 (2015).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"1145_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26702","volume":"31","author":"L Antunes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antunes, L. et al. Similar \u03b1-synuclein staining in the colon mucosa in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and controls. Mov. Disord. 31, 1567\u20131570 (2016).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"1145_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25522","volume":"28","author":"A Fasano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fasano, A. et al. The role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 28, 1241\u20131249 (2013).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"1145_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23566","volume":"26","author":"M Gabrielli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gabrielli, M. et al. Prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 26, 889\u2013892 (2011).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"1145_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1612-8","volume":"123","author":"XL Niu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niu, X. L. et al. Prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Chinese patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J. Neural Transm. 123, 1381\u20131386 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"1145_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-015-0482-9","volume":"18","author":"A Rezaie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rezaie, A., Pimentel, M. & Rao, S. S. How to test and treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: an evidence-based approach. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 18, 8 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"1145_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2017.09.008","volume":"47","author":"A Adike","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adike, A. & DiBaise, J. K. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: nutritional implications, diagnosis, and management. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 47, 193\u2013208 (2018).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"1145_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.5858\/134.2.264","volume":"134","author":"PJ Lappinga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lappinga, P. J. et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: histopathologic features and clinical correlates in an underrecognized entity. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 134, 264\u2013270 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"1145_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2020.105029","volume":"235","author":"D Bhattacharyya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, D. & Bhunia, A. Gut-brain axis in Parkinson\u2019s disease etiology: the role of lipopolysaccharide. Chem. Phys. Lipids 235, 105029 (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"1145_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab156","volume":"144","author":"Q Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options. Brain 144, 2571\u20132593 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1145_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115000","volume":"259","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Polystyrene micro- and nanoparticles exposure induced anxiety-like behaviors, gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolism disorder in adult mice. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 259, 115000 (2023).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"1145_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173285","volume":"935","author":"KK Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, K. K. et al. Polystyrene nanoplastics exacerbate aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic injuries by modulating the gut-liver axis. Sci. Total Environ. 935, 173285 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1145_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15125","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c04449","volume":"17","author":"K Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. Gut microbiota participates in polystyrene microplastics-induced hepatic injuries by modulating the gut-liver axis. ACS Nano 17, 15125\u201315145 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1145_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2024.100428","volume":"21","author":"H Zha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zha, H. et al. Polylactic acid micro\/nanoplastic-induced hepatotoxicity: investigating food and air sources via multi-omics. Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol. 21, 100428 (2024).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol."},{"key":"1145_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102","volume":"102","author":"RE Ley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ley, R. E. et al. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 11070\u201311075 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1145_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a","volume":"444","author":"RE Ley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S. & Gordon, J. I. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444, 1022\u20131023 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1145_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afad112","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad112","volume":"52","author":"X Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, X., Zhang, X., Tang, P., Chong, L. & Li, R. Integration of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and microbiome data highlights the impact of sulfate-reducing bacteria on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Age Ageing 52, afad112 (2023).","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1145_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125492","volume":"244","author":"B Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. Polyethylene microplastics affect the distribution of gut microbiota and inflammation development in mice. Chemosphere 244, 125492 (2020).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"1145_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181315","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1181315","volume":"13","author":"VA Huynh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huynh, V. A., Takala, T. M., Murros, K. E., Diwedi, B. & Saris, P. E. J. Desulfovibrio bacteria enhance alpha-synuclein aggregation in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 13, 1181315 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1145_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00367-z","volume":"8","author":"S Nie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nie, S., Wang, J., Deng, Y., Ye, Z. & Ge, Y. Inflammatory microbes and genes as potential biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 8, 101 (2022).","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"1145_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02013","volume":"9","author":"JP Karl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karl, J. P. et al. Effects of psychological, environmental and physical stressors on the gut microbiota. Front. Microbiol. 9, 2013 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"1145_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2021.013452","volume":"45","author":"E Manole","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manole, E., Dumitrescu, L., Niculi\u021aE, C., Popescu, B. O. & Ceafalan, L. C. Potential roles of functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants and other putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biocell 45, 1\u201316 (2021).","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"1145_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.066","volume":"160","author":"KG Margolis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Margolis, K. G., Cryan, J. F. & Mayer, E. A. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: from motility to mood. Gastroenterology 160, 1486\u20131501 (2021).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1145_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652617","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.652617","volume":"11","author":"KE Murros","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murros, K. E., Huynh, V. A., Takala, T. M. & Saris, P. E. J. Desulfovibrio bacteria are associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 11, 652617 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1145_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091833","volume":"12","author":"SB Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh, S. B., Braun, C. A., Carroll-Portillo, A., Coffman, C. N. & Lin, H. C. Sulfate-reducing bacteria induce pro-inflammatory TNF-\u03b1 and iNOS via PI3K\/Akt pathway in a TLR 2-dependent manner. Microorganisms 12, 1833 (2024).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1145_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12489-1","volume":"107","author":"S Nie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nie, S. et al. The link between increased Desulfovibrio and disease severity in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 107, 3033\u20133045 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1145_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20422-7","volume":"12","author":"J Behary","year":"2021","unstructured":"Behary, J. et al. Gut microbiota impact on the peripheral immune response in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease related hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 12, 187 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1145_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03669-0","volume":"20","author":"L Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, L. et al. Pivotal interplays between fecal metabolome and gut microbiome reveal functional signatures in cerebral ischemic stroke. J. Transl. Med. 20, 459 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1145_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323071","volume":"70","author":"A Agus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agus, A., Cl\u00e9ment, K. & Sokol, H. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders. Gut 70, 1174\u20131182 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1145_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129194","volume":"129","author":"K Dabke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dabke, K., Hendrick, G. & Devkota, S. The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Invest. 129, 4050\u20134057 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1145_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154911","volume":"117","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Nervonic acid improves liver inflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease by inhibiting proinflammatory signaling pathways and regulating metabolic pathways. Phytomedicine 117, 154911 (2023).","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"1145_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3945\/an.117.016261","volume":"8","author":"SM Poulose","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poulose, S. M., Miller, M. G., Scott, T. & Shukitt-Hale, B. Nutritional factors affecting adult neurogenesis and cognitive function. Adv. Nutr. 8, 804\u2013811 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"1145_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11060342","volume":"11","author":"IS Ahn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahn, I. S. et al. Disparate metabolomic responses to fructose consumption between different mouse strains and the role of gut microbiota. Metabolites 11, 342 (2021).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"1145_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200043335540","volume":"5","author":"M Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu, M., Hurn, P. D. & Alkayed, N. J. Cytochrome P450 in neurological disease. Curr. Drug Metab. 5, 225\u2013234 (2004).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"1145_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2015.04.001","volume":"74","author":"BL Woolbright","year":"2015","unstructured":"Woolbright, B. L. & Jaeschke, H. Xenobiotic and endobiotic mediated interactions between the cytochrome P450 system and the inflammatory response in the liver. Adv. Pharmacol. 74, 131\u2013161 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1145_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlife.2025.01.001","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Yan, H., Zheng, Q. & Sun, X. The crucial function of gut microbiota on gut\u2013liver repair. hLife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlife.2025.01.001 (2025).","journal-title":"hLife."},{"key":"1145_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8","volume":"57","author":"I Rowland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rowland, I. et al. Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components. Eur. J. Nutr. 57, 1\u201324 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"1145_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","volume":"474","author":"E Thursby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thursby, E. & Juge, N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem. J. 474, 1823\u20131836 (2017).","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"1145_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0433-9","volume":"19","author":"Y Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan, Y. & Pedersen, O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 19, 55\u201371 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"1145_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X13482996","volume":"6","author":"CM Guinane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guinane, C. M. & Cotter, P. D. Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ. Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol. 6, 295\u2013308 (2013).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1145_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00904-3","volume":"21","author":"CL Hsu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsu, C. L. & Schnabl, B. The gut-liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21, 719\u2013733 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"1145_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.06.017","volume":"56","author":"S Adhikary","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adhikary, S. et al. Impacts of gut microbiota alteration on age-related chronic liver diseases. Dig. Liver Dis. 56, 112\u2013122 (2024).","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"1145_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03589-5","volume":"25","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Associations between changes in the gut microbiota and liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 25, 16 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1145_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126326","volume":"22","author":"JA Eom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eom, J. A. et al. Diet-regulating microbiota and host immune system in liver disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 6326 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1145_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119","volume":"15","author":"W Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia, W., Xie, G. & Jia, W. Bile acid-microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15, 111\u2013128 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1145_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.005","volume":"24","author":"A Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wahlstr\u00f6m, A., Sayin, S. I., Marschall, H. U. & B\u00e4ckhed, F. Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Cell Metab. 24, 41\u201350 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1145_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00592-6","volume":"18","author":"R Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, R. et al. Gut microbiome, liver immunology, and liver diseases. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 18, 4\u201317 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"1145_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113208","volume":"166","author":"KK Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, K. K. et al. Gut microbiota mediates methamphetamine-induced hepatic inflammation via the impairment of bile acid homeostasis. Food Chem. Toxicol. 166, 113208 (2022).","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"1145_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2024.04.022","volume":"163","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, S., Zhua, Y. & Liu, X. Parkinsonism in liver diseases or dysfunction. Med. Clin.163, 461\u2013468 (2024).","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"1145_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.80","volume":"13","author":"MC Petersen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petersen, M. C., Vatner, D. F. & Shulman, G. I. Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 13, 572\u2013587 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1145_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0808-2","volume":"110","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braak, H., R\u00fcb, U., Gai, W. P. & Del Tredici, K. Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. J. Neural Transm. 110, 517\u2013536 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"1145_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","volume":"24","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braak, H. et al. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 24, 197\u2013211 (2003).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"1145_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.035","volume":"103","author":"S Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. Transneuronal Propagation of pathologic \u03b1-Synuclein from the gut to the brain models Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuron 103, 627\u2013641.e627 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1145_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1343-6","volume":"128","author":"S Holmqvist","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holmqvist, S. et al. Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats. Acta Neuropathol. 128, 805\u2013820 (2014).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"1145_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu195","volume":"142","author":"BL Woolbright","year":"2014","unstructured":"Woolbright, B. L. et al. Glycodeoxycholic acid levels as prognostic biomarker in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure patients. Toxicol. Sci. 142, 436\u2013444 (2014).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"1145_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098467","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1098467","volume":"14","author":"MM Alba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alba, M. M. et al. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins in liver injury, inflammation and liver cancer development. Front. Physiol. 14, 1098467 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"1145_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7504521","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7504521","volume":"2020","author":"Q Pang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pang, Q. et al. The role of serotonin in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2020, 7504521 (2020).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"1145_CR96","first-page":"3164","volume":"9","author":"NK Krishnamoorthy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krishnamoorthy, N. K. et al. Role of the gut bacteria-derived metabolite phenylacetylglutamine in health and diseases. ACS Omega 9, 3164\u20133172 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"1145_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M112.021352","volume":"12","author":"H Wen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wen, H. et al. Enhanced phase II detoxification contributes to beneficial effects of dietary restriction as revealed by multi-platform metabolomics studies. Mol. Cell. Proteom. 12, 575\u2013586 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"1145_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.016","volume":"180","author":"I Nemet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nemet, I. et al. A cardiovascular disease-linked gut microbial metabolite acts via adrenergic receptors. Cell 180, 862\u2013877.e822 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1145_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2021.07.002","volume":"5","author":"JM Ferrell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrell, J. M. & Chiang, J. Y. L. Bile acid receptors and signaling crosstalk in the liver, gut and brain. Liver Res. 5, 105\u2013118 (2021).","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"key":"1145_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105142","volume":"146","author":"S Gowrishankar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gowrishankar, S., Cologna, S. M., Givogri, M. I. & Bongarzone, E. R. Deregulation of signalling in genetic conditions affecting the lysosomal metabolism of cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids. Neurobiol. Dis. 146, 105142 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"1145_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0193438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193438","volume":"13","author":"MS Marshall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marshall, M. S. et al. Analysis of age-related changes in psychosine metabolism in the human brain. PLoS ONE 13, e0193438 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1145_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-024-01689-z","volume":"21","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. et al. Phospholipid biosynthesis modulates nucleotide metabolism and reductive capacity. Nat. Chem. Biol. 21, 35\u201346 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"1145_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164465","volume":"11","author":"S Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Chemical compensation of mitochondrial phospholipid depletion in yeast and animal models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE 11, e0164465 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1145_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.10.014","volume":"67","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, J. et al. Hepatic CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 2 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes rapid progression of NASH and fibrosis. Sci. Bull.67, 299\u2013314 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"1145_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae399","volume":"110","author":"ECE Meessen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meessen, E. C. E. et al. Glycodeoxycholic acid inhibits primary bile acid synthesis with minor effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 110, 1468\u20131477 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1145_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122229","volume":"334","author":"K Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, K., Zhou, M., Si, H. & Ma, J. Gut microbiota-mediated IL-22 alleviates metabolic inflammation. Life Sci. 334, 122229 (2023).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"1145_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.06.044","volume":"764","author":"XB Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, X. B., Du, J. B. & Cui, H. Signal pathways involved in the biological effects of sulfur dioxide. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 764, 94\u201399 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1145_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1113\/JP287409","volume":"603","author":"S Singh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Singh, S. et al. Environmental pollutant SO\u2082 exposure affects trophoblast function involving an ER stress pathway. J. Physiol. 603, 1263\u20131279 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"1145_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134261","volume":"298","author":"S Shan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shan, S., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zeng, T. & Zhao, X. Polystyrene nanoplastics penetrate across the blood-brain barrier and induce activation of microglia in the brain of mice. Chemosphere 298, 134261 (2022).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"1145_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7168","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c02463","volume":"20","author":"A Roshanzadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roshanzadeh, A. et al. Surface charge-dependent cytotoxicity of plastic nanoparticles in alveolar cells under cyclic stretches. Nano Lett. 20, 7168\u20137176 (2020).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"1145_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1021\/nn305567s","volume":"7","author":"R Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, R. et al. Surface charge and cellular processing of covalently functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes determine pulmonary toxicity. ACS Nano 7, 2352\u20132368 (2013).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1145_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J. Y. & Shin, C. M. Sex\/Gender-Specific Medicine in the Gastrointestinal Diseases (ed. Nayoung Kim) Ch. 24, 393\u2013403 (Springer, 2022).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-0120-1_24"},{"key":"1145_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2310314","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202310314","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Remediation of metal oxide nanotoxicity with a functional amyloid. Adv. Sci.11, e2310314 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."}],"container-title":["npj Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01145-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01145-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01145-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:04:23Z","timestamp":1761127463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01145-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-01145-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-8057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-8057","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"300"}}