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Double-variant carriers had younger onset and more frequently had positive family history. Compared with non-carriers, p.R1628P carriers had lower rates of dementia and orthostatic hypotension, and slower progression of global PD severity. Our findings highlight ethnic differences in the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>LRRK2<\/jats:italic>\n                    Asian variants, and suggest that these variants influence onset age, familial occurrence, non-motor features, and disease course, with implications for personalized approaches to PD in Asian populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01166-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T13:05:35Z","timestamp":1763471135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["LRRK2 p.G2385R and p.R1628P variants in a multi-ethnic Asian Parkinson\u2019s Cohort: epidemiology and clinical insights"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jun Wen","family":"Goh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia 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S.Y.L. is an employee at the University of Malaya. S.Y.L. has received stipends from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) as Chair of the Asian-Oceanian Section, and Science Advances as Associate Editor (Neuroscience). He currently serves as an Associate Editor of\n                      npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease\n                      but was not involved in the editorial review of or the decision to publish this article. He reports consultancies from the Michael J Fox Foundation (MJFF), the Aligning Science Across Parkinson\u2019s-Global Parkinson\u2019s Genetics Program (ASAP-GP2), and Neurotorium Editorial Board; honoraria for lecturing from the MDS, Lundbeck, Eisai, and Medtronic; and research grants from the Malaysian Ministry of Education Fundamental Research Grant Scheme and the MJFF. A.H.T. is an employee at the University of Malaya. A.H.T. has received grants from and served as a consultant for the MJFF and the ASAP-GP2. A.H.T. has received honoraria for lecturing from the MDS and Boehringer Ingelheim.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"320"}}