{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:11:12Z","timestamp":1791915072437,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases"},{"name":"University of Florida Intelligent Clinical Care Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Parkinsons Dis."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01196-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:06:14Z","timestamp":1765281974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Video-based quantification of hand postural tremor without external references. Integrating postural tremor quantification into visionMD"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Diego L.","family":"Guar\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1196_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15114","volume":"29","author":"GA Bailey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bailey, G. A., Rawlings, A., Torabi, F., Pickrell, O. & Peall, K. J. Adult-onset idiopathic dystonia: a national data-linkage study to determine epidemiological, social deprivation, and mortality characteristics. Eur. J. Neurol. 29, 91\u2013104 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"1196_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.198","volume":"4","author":"ED Louis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Louis, E. D. & Ottman, R. How many people in the USA have essential tremor? Deriving a population estimate based on epidemiological data. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 4, 259 (2014).","journal-title":"Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov."},{"key":"1196_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0058-0","volume":"4","author":"C Marras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marras, C. et al. Prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease across North America. Npj Park. Dis. 4, 21 (2018).","journal-title":"Npj Park. Dis."},{"key":"1196_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goetz, C. G. et al. Movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results: MDS-UPDRS: clinimetric assessment. Mov. Disord. 23, 2129\u20132170 (2008).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"1196_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012111","volume":"96","author":"JJ Majersik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Majersik, J. J. et al. A Shortage of Neurologists \u2013 We Must Act Now: A Report From the AAN 2019 Transforming Leaders Program. Neurology 96, 1122\u20131134 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1196_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680011","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.680011","volume":"12","author":"B Vescio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vescio, B., Quattrone, A., Nistic\u00f2, R., Cras\u00e0, M. & Quattrone, A. Wearable Devices for Assessment of Tremor. Front. Neurol. 12, 680011 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"1196_CR7","first-page":"4693019","volume":"2020","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu, R. et al. Evaluation of wearable sensor devices in parkinson\u2019s disease: a review of current status and future prospects. Park. Dis. 2020, 4693019 (2020).","journal-title":"Park. Dis."},{"key":"1196_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01153-1","volume":"7","author":"MU Friedrich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Friedrich, M. U. et al. Validation and application of computer vision algorithms for video-based tremor analysis. Npj Digit. Med. 7, 165 (2024).","journal-title":"Npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"1196_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97252-4","volume":"15","author":"R Wolke","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wolke, R., Welzel, J., Maetzler, W., Deuschl, G. & Becktepe, J. Validity of tremor analysis using smartphone compatible computer vision frameworks. Sci. Rep. 15, 13391 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1196_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7992","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207992","volume":"22","author":"G G\u00fcney","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00fcney, G. et al. Video-based hand movement analysis of parkinson patients before and after medication using high-frame-rate videos and mediapipe. Sensors 22, 7992 (2022).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1196_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13119","volume":"8","author":"S Williams","year":"2021","unstructured":"Williams, S. et al. Accuracy of smartphone video for contactless measurement of hand tremor frequency. Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract. 8, 69\u201375 (2021).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"1196_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28776","volume":"36","author":"AF Fois","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fois, A. F., Mahant, N., Vucic, S. & Fung, V. S. C. Measuring tremor\u2014a comparison of automated video analysis, neurophysiology, and clinical rating. Mov. Disord. 36, 2962\u20132963 (2021).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"1196_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pintea, S. L. et al. Hand-tremor frequency estimation in videos. In Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2018 Workshops: Munich, Germany, September 8-14, 2018, Proceedings, Part VI, 213\u2013228 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11024-6_14"},{"key":"1196_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25781","volume":"88","author":"A Casamento-Moran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casamento-Moran, A. et al. Quantitative separation of tremor and Ataxia in essential tremor. Ann. Neurol. 88, 375\u2013387 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"1196_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00865-1","volume":"11","author":"G Acevedo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Acevedo, G. et al. VisionMD: an open-source tool for video-based analysis of motor function in movement disorders. Npj Park. Dis. 11, 1\u20135 (2025).","journal-title":"Npj Park. Dis."},{"key":"1196_CR16","unstructured":"Lugaresi, C. et al. MediaPipe: A framework for perceiving and processing reality. In Third Workshop on Computer Vision for AR\/VR at IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2019) 4 (IEEE, 2019)."},{"key":"1196_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03190280059024","volume":"219","author":"DE Shoch","year":"1972","unstructured":"Shoch, D. E. Histology of the human eye: an Atlas and textbook. JAMA 219, 221 (1972).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1196_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forrester, J. V., Dick, A. D., McMenamin, P. G., Roberts, F. & Pearlman, E. Chapter 1 - Anatomy of the eye and orbit. In The Eye (Fourth Edition) (eds. Forrester, J. V., Dick, A. D., McMenamin, P. G., Roberts, F. & Pearlman, E.) 1-102.e2 (W.B. Saunders, 2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-5554-6.00001-0"},{"key":"1196_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, F. et al. MediaPipe hands: on-device real-time hand tracking. arXiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2006.10214 (2020).","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2006.10214"},{"key":"1196_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, K. et al. MMDetection: Open MMLab detection toolbox and benchmark. arXiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1906.07155 (2019).","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1906.07155"},{"key":"1196_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Z., Simon, T., Wei, S.-E. & Sheikh, Y. Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation Using Part Affinity Fields. in 7291\u20137299 (2017).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.143"},{"key":"1196_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann, C. et al. FreiHAND: A dataset for markerless capture of hand pose and shape from single RGB images. In 2019 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 813\u2013822 (IEEE, 2019).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00090"},{"key":"1196_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.3390\/make5040083","volume":"5","author":"J Terven","year":"2023","unstructured":"Terven, J., C\u00f3rdova-Esparza, D.-M. & Romero-Gonz\u00e1lez, J.-A. A comprehensive review of YOLO architectures in computer vision: from YOLOv1 to YOLOv8 and YOLO-NAS. Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr. 5, 1680\u20131716 (2023).","journal-title":"Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr."},{"key":"1196_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potamias, R. A., Zhang, J., Deng, J. & Zafeiriou, S. WiLoR: End-to-end 3D hand localization and reconstruction in-the-wild. In 2025 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 12242\u201312254 (IEEE, 2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.01143"},{"key":"1196_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1r\u00e1ndi, I., Hermans, A. & Leibe, B. Learning 3D Human pose estimation from dozens of datasets using a geometry-aware autoencoder to bridge between skeleton formats. In 2023 IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) 2955\u20132965 (IEEE, 2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00297"},{"key":"1196_CR26","unstructured":"Lin, T.-Y. et al. Microsoft COCO: common objects in context. In Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2014 (eds. Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B. & Tuytelaars, T.) 740\u2013755 (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014)."},{"key":"1196_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01026","volume":"3","author":"R Vallat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vallat, R. Pingouin: statistics in Python. J. Open Source Softw. 3, 1026 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."}],"container-title":["npj Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01196-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01196-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01196-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:06:19Z","timestamp":1765281979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-025-01196-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-01196-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-8057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-8057","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"351"}}