{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:39:07Z","timestamp":1787506747860,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRSII2_147606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII2_147606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRSII5 171003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5 171003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Quantum Mater."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Magnetic ground states with peculiar spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions and multifunctional domains are of enormous interest for the fundamental physics governing their origin as well as potential applications in emerging technologies. Of particular interest are multiferroics, where sophisticated interactions between electric and magnetic phenomena can be used to tailor several functionalities. We report the direct observation of a magnetic field induced long-wavelength spin spiral modulation in the chiral compound Ba\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${}_{3}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mrow\/>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    TaFe\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${}_{3}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mrow\/>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    Si\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${}_{2}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mrow\/>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    O\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$${}_{14}$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                        <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mrow\/>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mn>14<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                        <\/mml:math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , which emerges out of a helical ground state, and is hallmarked by the onset of a unique chirality-dependent contribution to the bulk electric polarization. The periodicity of the field-induced modulation, several hundreds of nm depending on the field value, is comparable to the length scales of mesoscopic topological defects such as skyrmions, merons, and solitons. The phase transition and observed threshold behavior are consistent with a phenomenology based on the allowed Lifshitz invariants for the chiral symmetry of langasite, which intriguingly contain all the essential ingredients for the realization of topologically stable antiferromagnetic skyrmions. Our findings open up new directions to explore topological correlations of antiferromagnetic spintronic systems based on non-collinear magnetic systems with additional ferroic functionalities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41535-019-0199-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T06:02:34Z","timestamp":1575439354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Field-induced double spin spiral in a frustrated chiral magnet"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Constable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1733-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Mostovoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Gurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Schierle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie de","family":"Brion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire V.","family":"Colin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Lejay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Ressouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugen","family":"Weschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Scagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9308-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafik","family":"Ballou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Simonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2035-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Staub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1070\/PU1984v027n11ABEH004120","volume":"27","author":"YA Izyumov","year":"1984","unstructured":"Izyumov, Y. A. Modulated, or long-periodic, magnetic structures of crystals. Sov. Phys. Usp. 27, 845\u2013867 (1984).","journal-title":"Sov. Phys. Usp."},{"key":"199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1166767","volume":"323","author":"S M\u00fchlbauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00fchlbauer, S. et al. Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet. Science 323, 915\u2013919 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.31","volume":"2","author":"A Fert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fert, A., Reyren, N. & Cros, V. Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications. Nat. Rev. Mater 2, 1\u201315 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater"},{"key":"199_CR4","first-page":"960","volume":"19","author":"I Dzyaloshinskii","year":"1964","unstructured":"Dzyaloshinskii, I. Theory of helicoidal structures in antiferromagnets. I. Nonmetals. Sov. Phys. JETP 19, 960\u2013971 (1964).","journal-title":"Sov. Phys. JETP"},{"key":"199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L881","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3719\/13\/31\/002","volume":"13","author":"P Bak","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bak, P. & Jensen, M. H. Theory of helical magnetic structures and phase transitions in MnSi and FeGe. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys 13, L881\u2013L885 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys"},{"key":"199_CR6","first-page":"178","volume":"95","author":"AN Bogdanov","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bogdanov, A. N. & Yablonskii, D. Thermodynamically stable \u201cvortices\u201d in magnetically ordered crystals. The mixed state of magnets. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 95, 178\u2013182 (1989).","journal-title":"Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz"},{"key":"199_CR7","first-page":"142","volume":"69","author":"A Bogdanov","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bogdanov, A. & Yablonskii, D. Contribution to the theory of inhomogeneous states of magnets in the region of magnetic-field-induced phase transitions. Mixed state of antiferromagnets. Sov. Phys. JETP 69, 142\u2013146 (1989).","journal-title":"Sov. Phys. JETP"},{"key":"199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1134\/1.1130556","volume":"40","author":"A Bogdanov","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bogdanov, A. & Shestakov, A. Vortex states in antiferromagnetic crystals. Phys. Solid State 40, 1350\u20131356 (1998).","journal-title":"Phys. Solid State"},{"key":"199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214410","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.66.214410","volume":"66","author":"AN Bogdanov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bogdanov, A. N., R\u00f6\u00dfler, U. K., Wolf, M. & M\u00fcller, K.-H. Magnetic structures and reorientation transitions in noncentrosymmetric uniaxial antiferromagnets. Phys. Rev. B 66, 214410 (2002).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR10","first-page":"421002","volume":"28","author":"IM Sosnowska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sosnowska, I. M. Spatially modulated spin structure (SMSS) in BiFeO$${}_{3}$$\u201430 years later. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28, 421002 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"},{"key":"199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214143","volume":"336","author":"S Seki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seki, S., Yu, X. Z., Ishiwata, S. & Tokura, Y. Observation of skyrmions in a multiferroic material. Science 336, 198\u2013201 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214439","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.92.214439","volume":"92","author":"HD Rosales","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosales, H. D., Cabra, D. C. & Pujol, P. Three-sublattice skyrmion crystal in the antiferromagnetic triangular lattice. Phys. Rev. B 92, 214439 (2015).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024404","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.024404","volume":"96","author":"SA Osorio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osorio, S. A., Rosales, H. D., Sturla, M. B. & Cabra, D. C. Composite spin crystal phase in antiferromagnetic chiral magnets. Phys. Rev. B 96, 024404 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-018-0063-6","volume":"14","author":"T Jungwirth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jungwirth, T. et al. The multiple directions of antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Phys. 14, 200\u2013203 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"199_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-018-0049-4","volume":"14","author":"O Gomonay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomonay, O., Baltz, V., Brataas, A. & Tserkovnyak, Y. Antiferromagnetic spin textures and dynamics. Nat. Phys. 14, 213\u2013216 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"199_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247201","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.247201","volume":"101","author":"K Marty","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marty, K. et al. Single domain magnetic helicity and triangular chirality in structurally enantiopure Ba$${}_{3}$$NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 247201 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207201","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.106.207201","volume":"106","author":"M Loire","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loire, M. et al. Parity-broken chiral spin dynamics in Ba$${}_{3}$$NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 207201 (2011).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257203","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.107.257203","volume":"107","author":"A Zorko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zorko, A. et al. Role of antisymmetric exchange in selecting magnetic chirality in Ba$${}_{3}$$NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 257203 (2011).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104417","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.88.104417","volume":"88","author":"V Scagnoli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scagnoli, V. et al. Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya driven helical-butterfly structure in Ba$${}_{3}$$NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14. Phys. Rev. B 88, 104417 (2013).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214419","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.93.214419","volume":"93","author":"L Chaix","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaix, L. et al. Helical bunching and symmetry lowering inducing multiferroicity in Fe langasites. Phys. Rev. B 93, 214419 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054416","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.81.054416","volume":"81","author":"K Marty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marty, K. et al. Magnetic and dielectric properties in the langasite-type compounds: A\n3BFe3D2O14 (A\u2009=\u2009Ba, Sr, Ca; B\u2009=\u2009Ta, Nb, Sb; D\u2009=\u2009Ge, Si). Phys. Rev. B 81, 054416 (2010).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157208","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.110.157208","volume":"110","author":"L Chaix","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaix, L. et al. THz magnetoelectric atomic rotations in the chiral compound Ba$${}_{3}$$NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 157208 (2013).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"094433","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.94.094433","volume":"94","author":"H Narita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Narita, H. et al. Observation of nonreciprocal directional dichroism via electromagnon resonance in a chiral-lattice helimagnet Ba3NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14. Phys. Rev. B 94, 094433 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"072904","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4866187","volume":"104","author":"N Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee, N., Choi, Y. J. & Cheong, S.-W. Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization in a self-formed single magnetoelectric domain of multiferroic Ba$${}_{3}$$NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 072904 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205145","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.95.205145","volume":"95","author":"M Ramakrishnan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, M. et al. Crystal symmetry lowering in chiral multiferroic Ba$${}_{3}$$TaFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14 observed by x-ray magnetic scattering. Phys. Rev. B 95, 205145 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144402","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.97.144402","volume":"97","author":"JD Reim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reim, J. D. et al. Neutron diffraction study and theoretical analysis of the antiferromagnetic order and the diffuse scattering in the layered kagome system CaBaCo$${}_{2}$$FeO7. Phys. Rev. B 97, 144402 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6797","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.39.6797","volume":"39","author":"T Dombre","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dombre, T. & Read, N. Nonlinear $$\\sigma$$ models for triangular quantum antiferromagnets. Phys. Rev. B 39, 6797\u20136801 (1989).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"067601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.067601","volume":"96","author":"M Mostovoy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mostovoy, M. Ferroelectricity in spiral magnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 067601 (2006).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-019-0501-0","volume":"15","author":"DA Sokolov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sokolov, D. A. et al. Metamagnetic texture in a polar antiferromagnet. Nat. Phys. 15, 671\u2013677 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117201","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.117201","volume":"115","author":"FN Rybakov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rybakov, F. N., Borisov, A. B., Bl\u00fcgel, S. & Kiselev, N. S. New type of stable particlelike states in chiral magnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 117201 (2015).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207201","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.207201","volume":"119","author":"Y Kharkov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kharkov, Y., Sushkov, O. & Mostovoy, M. Bound states of skyrmions and merons near the Lifshitz point. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 207201 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017202","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.017202","volume":"111","author":"RD Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson, R. D. et al. MnSb$${}_{2}$$O6 : A polar magnet with a chiral crystal structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 017202 (2013).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"047201","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.047201","volume":"117","author":"M Kinoshita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kinoshita, M. et al. Magnetic reversal of electric polarization with fixed chirality of magnetic structure in a chiral-lattice helimagnet MnSb$${}_{2}$$O6. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 047201 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"199_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134433","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.134433","volume":"96","author":"G Quirion","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quirion, G. et al. Experimental evidence of symmetry breaking in the multiferroic Ba$${}_{3}$$NbFe$${}_{3}$$Si2O14 using sound velocity measurements. Phys. Rev. B 96, 134433 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"199_CR35","unstructured":"Legrand, W. et al. Room-temperature stabilization of antiferromagnetic skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets. Nat. Mater. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-019-0468-3 (2019)."},{"key":"199_CR36","unstructured":"Dewhurst, C. D. GRASP user manual. ILL Grenoble, ILL03DE01T (2003)."},{"key":"199_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201061","volume":"332","author":"V Scagnoli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scagnoli, V. et al. Observation of orbital currents in CuO. Science 332, 696\u2013698 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["npj Quantum Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41535-019-0199-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41535-019-0199-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41535-019-0199-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T22:03:55Z","timestamp":1671228235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41535-019-0199-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41535-019-0199-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2397-4648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2397-4648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"60"}}