{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:59:15Z","timestamp":1793735955086,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007543","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura, Univerzita Karlova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1070119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1070119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007543","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura, Univerzita Karlova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1070119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1070119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007543","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura, Univerzita Karlova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1070119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1070119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"programme Cooperatio Charles University, Area Neuroscience"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Schizophr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual perception is one of the basic tools for exploring the world. However, in schizophrenia, this modality is disrupted. So far, there has been no clear answer as to whether the disruption occurs primarily within the brain or in the precortical areas of visual perception (the retina, visual pathways, and lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN]). A web-based comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals was conducted based on various keyword combinations including schizophrenia, saliency, visual cognition, visual pathways, retina, and LGN. Articles were chosen with respect to topic relevance. Searched databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. This review describes the precortical circuit and the key changes in biochemistry and pathophysiology that affect the creation and characteristics of the retinal signal as well as its subsequent modulation and processing in other parts of this circuit. Changes in the characteristics of the signal and the misinterpretation of visual stimuli associated with them may, as a result, contribute to the development of schizophrenic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-022-00237-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T09:03:17Z","timestamp":1647853397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Early-stage visual perception impairment in schizophrenia, bottom-up and back again"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Ad\u00e1mek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Langov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Hor\u00e1\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2010_42","volume":"4","author":"S Kalkstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalkstein, S., Hurford, I. & Gur, R. C. Neurocognition in schizophrenia. Behavioral Neurobiology of Schizophrenia and its Treatment 4, 373\u2013390 (2010).","journal-title":"Behavioral Neurobiology of Schizophrenia and its Treatment"},{"key":"237_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0738.184597","volume":"6","author":"SK Kar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kar, S. K., Garg, K. & Tripathi, A. Olfactory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Does it carry any meaning? Int. J. Nutr., Pharmacol., Neurol. Dis. 6, 136 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nutr., Pharmacol., Neurol. Dis."},{"key":"237_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1573400515666190119163522","volume":"15","author":"S Chieffi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chieffi, S. Dysfunction of magnocellular\/dorsal processing stream in schizophrenia. Curr. Psychiatry Res. Rev. Formerly: Curr. Psychiatry Rev. 15, 26\u201336 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Res. Rev. Formerly: Curr. Psychiatry Rev."},{"key":"237_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.04.006","volume":"59","author":"C Dond\u00e9","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dond\u00e9, C., Avissar, M., Weber, M. M. & Javitt, D. C. A century of sensory processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. Eur. Psychiatry 59, 77\u201379 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13121691","volume":"172","author":"DC Javitt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Javitt, D. C. & Freedman, R. Sensory processing dysfunction in the personal experience and neuronal machinery of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 172, 17\u201331 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.023","volume":"64","author":"PD Butler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Butler, P. D., Silverstein, S. M. & Dakin, S. C. Visual perception and its impairment in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 64, 40\u201347 (2008).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.5.495","volume":"62","author":"PD Butler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Butler, P. D. et al. Early-stage visual processing and cortical amplification deficits in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 495\u2013504 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705005398","volume":"35","author":"S K\u00e9ri","year":"2005","unstructured":"K\u00e9ri, S., Kiss, I., Kelemen, O., Benedek, G. & Janka, Z. Anomalous visual experiences, negative symptoms, perceptual organization and the magnocellular pathway in schizophrenia: A shared construct? Psychol. Med. 35, 1445 (2005).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"237_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12630","volume":"53","author":"A Damilou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damilou, A., Apostolakis, S., Thrapsanioti, E., Theleritis, C. & Smyrnis, N. Shared and distinct oculomotor function deficits in schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychophysiology 53, 796\u2013805 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"237_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(86)90018-X","volume":"20","author":"JA Mather","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mather, J. A. Saccadic eye movements to seen and unseen targets: Oculomotor errors in normal subjects resembling those of schizophrenics. J. Psychiatric Res. 20, 1\u20138 (1986).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatric Res."},{"key":"237_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90040-1","volume":"17","author":"JA Mather","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mather, J. A. & Putchat, C. Motor control of schizophrenics\u2014I. Oculomotor control of schizophrenics: A deficit in sensory processing, not strictly in motor control. J. Psychiatric Res. 17, 343\u2013360 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatric Res."},{"key":"237_CR12","first-page":"593","volume":"61","author":"M Pa\u0161trn\u00e1k","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pa\u0161trn\u00e1k, M., Dorazilov\u00e1, A. & Rodriguez, M. Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed Percepce a Jej\u00ed Naru\u0161en\u00ed U Schizofrenn\u00edho Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed-P\u0159ehledov\u00e1 Studie. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie 61, 593\u2013604 (2017).","journal-title":"Ceskoslovenska Psychologie"},{"key":"237_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1126","volume":"158","author":"PD Butler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Butler, P. D. et al. Dysfunction of early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 158, 1126\u20131133 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.12.024","volume":"55","author":"Y Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Levy, D. L., Sheremata, S. & Holzman, P. S. Compromised late-stage motion processing in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 55, 834\u2013841 (2004).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR15","first-page":"317","volume":"80","author":"T Kogata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kogata, T. & Iidaka, T. A review of impaired visual processing and the daily visual world in patients with schizophrenia. Nagoya J. Med. Sci. 80, 317 (2018).","journal-title":"Nagoya J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000284459","volume":"19","author":"J Cutting","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cutting, J. & Dunne, F. The nature of the abnormal perceptual experiences at the onset of schizophrenia. Psychopathology 19, 347\u2013352 (1986).","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"237_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.016","volume":"67","author":"M H\u00e9bert","year":"2010","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert, M. et al. Retinal response to light in young nonaffected offspring at high genetic risk of neuropsychiatric brain disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 67, 270\u2013274 (2010).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1974.01760140005001","volume":"31","author":"PS Holzman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Holzman, P. S. et al. Eye-tracking dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 31, 143\u2013151 (1974).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00094-X","volume":"67","author":"CM Loughland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Loughland, C. M., Williams, L. M. & Harris, A. W. Visual scanpath dysfunction in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands: Evidence for a vulnerability marker? Schizophr. Res. 67, 11\u201321 (2004).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.08.008","volume":"81","author":"J Schiffman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schiffman, J. et al. Premorbid childhood ocular alignment abnormalities and adult schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Schizophr. Res. 81, 253\u2013260 (2006).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00584.x","volume":"112","author":"E Schubert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schubert, E., Henriksson, K. & McNeil, T. A prospective study of offspring of women with psychosis: Visual dysfunction in early childhood predicts schizophrenia\u2010spectrum disorders in adulthood. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 112, 385\u2013393 (2005).","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"237_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.636","volume":"160","author":"II Gottesman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gottesman, I. I. & Gould, T. D. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 636\u2013645 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4724","volume":"96","author":"Y Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Nakayama, K., Levy, D. L., Matthysse, S. & Holzman, P. S. Psychophysical isolation of a motion-processing deficit in schizophrenics and their relatives and its association with impaired smooth pursuit. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 4724\u20134729 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"237_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005092","volume":"15","author":"O Phillipson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Phillipson, O. & Harris, J. Perceptual changes in schizophrenia: A questionnaire survey. Psychol. Med. 15, 859\u2013866 (1985).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"237_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.2.158","volume":"58","author":"J Klosterk\u00f6tter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klosterk\u00f6tter, J., Hellmich, M., Steinmeyer, E. M. & Schultze-Lutter, F. Diagnosing schizophrenia in the initial prodromal phase. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 158\u2013164 (2001).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR26","first-page":"77","volume":"63","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M. Visual perception disturbances in schizophrenia: a unified model. The Neuropsychopathology of Schizophrenia 63, 77\u2013132 (2016).","journal-title":"The Neuropsychopathology of Schizophrenia"},{"key":"237_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507062103","volume":"103","author":"M Bar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bar, M. et al. Top-down facilitation of visual recognition. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 449\u2013454 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"237_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00620","volume":"3","author":"MF Panichello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Panichello, M. F., Cheung, O. S. & Bar, M. Predictive feedback and conscious visual experience. Front. Psychol. 3, 620 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000233","volume":"17","author":"N Gordon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gordon, N., Tsuchiya, N., Koenig-Robert, R. & Hohwy, J. Expectation and attention increase the integration of top-down and bottom-up signals in perception through different pathways. PLoS Biol. 17, e3000233 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"237_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00037","volume":"8","author":"L Kauffmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kauffmann, L., Ramano\u00ebl, S. & Peyrin, C. The neural bases of spatial frequency processing during scene perception. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 8, 37 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1159\/000514859","volume":"95","author":"RT Born","year":"2020","unstructured":"Born, R. T. & Bencomo, G. M. Illusions, delusions, and your backwards bayesian brain: A biased visual perspective. Brain, Behav. Evol. 95, 272\u2013285 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain, Behav. Evol."},{"key":"237_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.07.016","volume":"47","author":"BC Skottun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skottun, B. C. & Skoyles, J. R. Contrast sensitivity and magnocellular functioning in schizophrenia. Vision Res. 47, 2923\u20132933 (2007).","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"237_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.10.006","volume":"29","author":"T Parr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parr, T. & Friston, K. J. Attention or salience? Curr. Opin. Psychol. 29, 1\u20135 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003863","volume":"39","author":"J Roiser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roiser, J. et al. Do patients with schizophrenia exhibit aberrant salience? Psychol. Med. 39, 199\u2013209 (2009).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"237_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991735","volume":"40","author":"S Silverstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. et al. Increased fusiform area activation in schizophrenia during processing of spatial frequency-degraded faces, as revealed by fMRI. Psychol. Med. 40, 1159 (2010).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"237_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00132","volume":"4","author":"PD Butler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Butler, P. D. et al. An event-related potential examination of contour integration deficits in schizophrenia. Front. Psychol. 4, 132 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635209002113","volume":"8","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M. et al. An fMRI examination of visual integration in schizophrenia. J. Integr. Neurosci. 8, 175\u2013202 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.033","volume":"46","author":"D Dima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dima, D. et al. Understanding why patients with schizophrenia do not perceive the hollow-mask illusion using dynamic causal modelling. Neuroimage 46, 1180\u20131186 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"237_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.030","volume":"48","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M. et al. Perceptual organization and visual search processes during target detection task performance in schizophrenia, as revealed by fMRI. Neuropsychologia 48, 2886\u20132893 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"237_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7492","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1852-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"A Mart\u00ednez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, A. et al. Magnocellular pathway impairment in schizophrenia: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurosci. 28, 7492\u20137500 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031944","volume":"122","author":"CM Clark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clark, C. M., Gosselin, F. & Goghari, V. M. Aberrant patterns of visual facial information usage in schizophrenia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 122, 513 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.85","volume":"67","author":"P Sehatpour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sehatpour, P. et al. Impaired visual object processing across an occipital-frontal-hippocampal brain network in schizophrenia: An integrated neuroimaging study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 67, 772\u2013782 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/13546800444000209","volume":"11","author":"S Silverstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. et al. Reduced top-down influences in contour detection in schizophrenia. Cogn. Neuropsychiatry 11, 112\u2013132 (2006).","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.10.016","volume":"145","author":"PJ Uhlhaas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uhlhaas, P. J., Phillips, W. A., Mitchell, G. & Silverstein, S. M. Perceptual grouping in disorganized schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 145, 105\u2013117 (2006).","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"237_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl233","volume":"130","author":"PD Butler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Butler, P. D. et al. Subcortical visual dysfunction in schizophrenia drives secondary cortical impairments. Brain 130, 417\u2013430 (2007).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"237_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00041","volume":"6","author":"S Silverstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. et al. Vision in schizophrenia: Why it matters. Front. Psychol. 6, 41 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.032","volume":"71","author":"L de Lecea","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Lecea, L., Carter, M. E. & Adamantidis, A. Shining light on wakefulness and arousal. Biol. Psychiatry 71, 1046\u20131052 (2012).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.02.158","volume":"169","author":"I Shoshina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shoshina, I. et al. The internal noise of the visual system and cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Proc. Comput. Sci. 169, 813\u2013820 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.09.016","volume":"219","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M., Fradkin, S. I. & Demmin, D. L. Schizophrenia and the retina: Towards a 2020 perspective. Schizophr. Res. 219, 84\u201394 (2020).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2019.03.006","volume":"140","author":"S Roy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roy, S. & Field, G. D. Dopaminergic modulation of retinal processing from starlight to sunlight. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 140, 86\u201393 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00254","volume":"4","author":"MH Herzog","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herzog, M. H., Roinishvili, M., Chkonia, E. & Brand, A. Schizophrenia and visual backward masking: A general deficit of target enhancement. Front. Psychol. 4, 254 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12823","volume":"73","author":"Y Uno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uno, Y. & Coyle, J. T. Glutamate hypothesis in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 73, 204\u2013215 (2019).","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i125","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm113","volume":"17","author":"A Gazzaley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gazzaley, A. et al. Functional interactions between prefrontal and visual association cortex contribute to top-down modulation of visual processing. Cerebral Cortex 17, i125\u2013i135 (2007).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"237_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-014-0272-0","volume":"14","author":"B Griesmayr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Griesmayr, B. et al. EEG theta phase coupling during executive control of visual working memory investigated in individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Cogn., Affect., Behav. Neurosci. 14, 1340\u20131355 (2014).","journal-title":"Cogn., Affect., Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000184","volume":"145","author":"MJ Kane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kane, M. J. et al. Individual differences in the executive control of attention, memory, and thought, and their associations with schizotypy. J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen. 145, 1017 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen."},{"key":"237_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017171832","volume":"287","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. et al. Progressive reduction in gray matter in patients with schizophrenia assessed with MR imaging by using causal network analysis. Radiology 287, 633\u2013642 (2018).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"237_CR57","first-page":"387","volume":"46","author":"Y Takayanagi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takayanagi, Y. et al. Reduced cortical thickness in schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder. Schizophr. Bull. 46, 387\u2013394 (2020).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"237_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.116","volume":"2","author":"A Vita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vita, A., De Peri, L., Deste, G. & Sacchetti, E. Progressive loss of cortical gray matter in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal MRI studies. Transl. Psychiatry 2, e190\u2013e190 (2012).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.116","volume":"35","author":"FM Benes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benes, F. M. Amygdalocortical circuitry in schizophrenia: From circuits to molecules. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 239\u2013257 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"237_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00007-5","volume":"13","author":"EW Daenen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daenen, E. W., Wolterink, G., Van Der Heyden, J. A., Kruse, C. G. & Van Ree, J. M. Neonatal lesions in the amygdala or ventral hippocampus disrupt prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response; implications for an animal model of neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 13, 187\u2013197 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"237_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200011090-00044","volume":"11","author":"P Kalus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kalus, P., Muller, T. J., Zuschratter, W. & Senitz, D. The dendritic architecture of prefrontal pyramidal neurons in schizophrenic patients. Neuroreport 11, 3621\u20133625 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"237_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.01.029","volume":"162","author":"T Melicher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Melicher, T. et al. White matter changes in first episode psychosis and their relation to the size of sample studied: A DTI study. Schizophr. Res. 162, 22\u201328 (2015).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01198.x","volume":"117","author":"G Venkatasubramanian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Venkatasubramanian, G., Jayakumar, P., Gangadhar, B. & Keshavan, M. Automated MRI parcellation study of regional volume and thickness of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in antipsychotic\u2010na\u00efve schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 117, 420\u2013431 (2008).","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"237_CR64","unstructured":"Roska, B. & Meister, M. The Retina Dissects the Visual Scene. The New Visual Neurosciences, 163\u2013182 (2014)."},{"key":"237_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000347","volume":"127","author":"DL Demmin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Demmin, D. L., Davis, Q., Roch\u00e9, M. & Silverstein, S. M. Electroretinographic anomalies in schizophrenia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 127, 417 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7785","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12534","volume":"54","author":"WW Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, W. W., Tajunisah, I., Sharmilla, K., Peyman, M. & Subrayan, V. Retinal nerve fiber layer structure abnormalities in schizophrenia and its relationship to disease state: evidence from optical coherence tomography. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54, 7785\u20137792 (2013).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR67","first-page":"46","volume":"2","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M. & Rosen, R. Schizophrenia and the eye. Schizophr. Res.: Cogn. 2, 46\u201355 (2015).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res.: Cogn."},{"key":"237_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.127","volume":"4","author":"J Harris","year":"1990","unstructured":"Harris, J., Calvert, J., Leendertz, J. & Phillipson, O. The influence of dopamine on spatial vision. Eye 4, 806\u2013812 (1990).","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"237_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102296","volume":"27","author":"A Koizumi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koizumi, A. et al. Atypical spatial frequency dependence of visual metacognition among schizophrenia patients. NeuroImage: Clin. 27, 102296 (2020).","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"key":"237_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx130","volume":"44","author":"NN Samani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Samani, N. N. et al. Retinal layer abnormalities as biomarkers of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 44, 876\u2013885 (2018).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"237_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23891","volume":"26","author":"NK Archibald","year":"2011","unstructured":"Archibald, N. K., Clarke, M. P., Mosimann, U. P. & Burn, D. J. Visual symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. Mov. Disord. 26, 2387\u20132395 (2011).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"237_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.12.009","volume":"20","author":"P Urwyler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Urwyler, P. et al. Visual complaints and visual hallucinations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 20, 318\u2013322 (2014).","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"237_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.09.004","volume":"32","author":"R Brandies","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brandies, R. & Yehuda, S. The possible role of retinal dopaminergic system in visual performance. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 32, 611\u2013656 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"237_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32831f1b3f","volume":"22","author":"DH ffytche","year":"2009","unstructured":"ffytche, D. H. Visual hallucinations in eye disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 22, 28\u201335 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"237_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00180-2","volume":"43","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M., Kov\u00e1cs, I., Corry, R. & Valone, C. Perceptual organization, the disorganization syndrome, and context processing in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 43, 11\u201320 (2000).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.10.011","volume":"41","author":"M Clark","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark, M., Waters, F., Vatskalis, T. & Jablensky, A. On the interconnectedness and prognostic value of visual and auditory hallucinations in first-episode psychosis. Eur. Psychiatry 41, 122\u2013128 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01611","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1611","volume":"10","author":"C Zhuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhuo, C. et al. Antipsychotic agents deteriorate brain and retinal function in schizophrenia patients with combined auditory and visual hallucinations: A pilot study and secondary follow\u2010up study. Brain Behav. 10, e01611 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"237_CR78","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"C Zhuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhuo, C. et al. Patients with first-episode untreated schizophrenia who experience concomitant visual disturbances and auditory hallucinations exhibit co-impairment of the brain and retinas-a pilot study. Brain Imaging Behav. 15, 1\u20139 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"237_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12992","volume":"1369","author":"SJ Fallon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fallon, S. J., Zokaei, N. & Husain, M. Causes and consequences of limitations in visual working memory. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1369, 40 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4321\/S0213-61632010000400005","volume":"24","author":"FJ Ascaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ascaso, F. J. et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in patients with schizophrenia: A short report. Eur. J. Psychiatry 24, 227\u2013235 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5937\/mp69-18765","volume":"69","author":"S Jeroti\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeroti\u0107, S. & Mari\u0107, N. P. Structural retinal abnormalities as potential markers for psychosis spectrum disorders. Medicinski Podmladak 69, 41\u201347 (2018).","journal-title":"Medicinski Podmladak"},{"key":"237_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18040380","volume":"176","author":"CM Wannan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wannan, C. M. et al. Evidence for network-based cortical thickness reductions in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 176, 552\u2013563 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.07.018","volume":"195","author":"SA Adams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adams, S. A. & Nasrallah, H. A. Multiple retinal anomalies in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 195, 3\u201312 (2018).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2018.035","volume":"162","author":"L Hosak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosak, L., Sery, O., Sadykov, E. & Studnicka, J. Retinal abnormatilites as a diagnostic or prognostic marker of schizophrenia. Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Palacky Univ. Olomouc 162, 159\u2013164 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Palacky Univ. Olomouc"},{"key":"237_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00048","volume":"4","author":"A Bringmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bringmann, A., Grosche, A., Pannicke, T. & Reichenbach, A. GABA and glutamate uptake and metabolism in retinal glial (M\u00fcller) cells. Front. Endocrinol. 4, 48 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"237_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0569-x","volume":"17","author":"CP Gracitelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gracitelli, C. P. et al. Ophthalmology issues in schizophrenia. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 17, 28 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"237_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.154609","volume":"586","author":"AT Hartwick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hartwick, A. T., Hamilton, C. M. & Baldridge, W. H. Glutamatergic calcium dynamics and deregulation of rat retinal ganglion cells. J. Physiol. 586, 3425\u20133446 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"237_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710001677","volume":"14","author":"A Reif","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reif, A. et al. A functional promoter polymorphism of neuronal nitric oxide synthase moderates prefrontal functioning in schizophrenia. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 14, 887\u2013897 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"237_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S317186","volume":"13","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M. et al. Retinal microvasculature in schizophrenia. Eye Brain 13, 205 (2021).","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"237_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.06.036","volume":"115","author":"FJ De Jong","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Jong, F. J. et al. Arteriolar oxygen saturation, cerebral blood flow, and retinal vessel diameters: The Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology 115, 887\u2013892 (2008).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"237_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13020234","volume":"170","author":"MH Meier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meier, M. H. et al. Microvascular abnormality in schizophrenia as shown by retinal imaging. Am. J. Psychiatry 170, 1451\u20131459 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.10.003","volume":"54","author":"C Sun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sun, C., Wang, J. J., Mackey, D. A. & Wong, T. Y. Retinal vascular caliber: Systemic, environmental, and genetic associations. Surv. Ophthalmol. 54, 74\u201395 (2009).","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"237_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113399","volume":"91","author":"K-H Huemer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huemer, K.-H. et al. Effects of dopamine on retinal and choroidal blood flow parameters in humans. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 91, 1194\u20131198 (2007).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"237_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.024","volume":"75","author":"J Lavoie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lavoie, J. et al. The electroretinogram as a biomarker of central dopamine and serotonin: Potential relevance to psychiatric disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 75, 479\u2013486 (2014).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.06.014","volume":"87","author":"M H\u00e9bert","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert, M. et al. The electroretinogram may differentiate schizophrenia from bipolar disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 87, 263\u2013270 (2020).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.08.024","volume":"32","author":"Z Balogh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Balogh, Z., Benedek, G. & K\u00e9ri, S. Retinal dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 32, 297\u2013300 (2008).","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnder, G. & Cumming, P. The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia 109\u2013124 (Elsevier, 2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801829-3.00015-X"},{"key":"237_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00091","volume":"11","author":"KS Korshunov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Korshunov, K. S., Blakemore, L. J. & Trombley, P. Q. Dopamine: a modulator of circadian rhythms in the central nervous system. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 11, 91 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6160","volume":"52","author":"R Frazao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frazao, R. et al. Histamine elevates free intracellular calcium in mouse retinal dopaminergic cells via H1-receptors. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52, 3083\u20133088 (2011).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9567-5","volume":"134","author":"G Ortiz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ortiz, G., Odom, J. V., Passaglia, C. L. & Tzekov, R. T. Efferent influences on the bioelectrical activity of the retina in primates. Documenta Ophthalmol. 134, 57\u201373 (2017).","journal-title":"Documenta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"237_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20101","volume":"21","author":"JA Nasser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nasser, J. A. et al. Electroretinographic detection of human brain dopamine response to oral food stimulation. Obesity 21, 976\u2013980 (2013).","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"237_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-014-0048-2","volume":"2","author":"R Balasubramanian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balasubramanian, R. & Gan, L. Development of retinal amacrine cells and their dendritic stratification. Curr. Ophthalmol. Rep. 2, 100\u2013106 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Ophthalmol. Rep."},{"key":"237_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01192.x","volume":"8","author":"ML Veruki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Veruki, M. L. & W\u00e4ssle, H. Immunohistochemical localization of dopamine D receptors in rat retina. Eur. J. Neurosci. 8, 2286\u20132297 (1996).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199503000-00006","volume":"6","author":"B Biedermann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Biedermann, B., Fr\u00f6hlich, E., Grosche, J., Wagner, H.-J. & Reichenbach, A. Mammalian M\u00fcller (glial) cells express functional D2 dopamine receptors. Neuroreport 6, 609\u2013612 (1995).","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"237_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01461.x","volume":"9","author":"ML Veruki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Veruki, M. L. Dopaminergic neurons in the rat retina express dopamine D2\/3 receptors. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9, 1096\u20131100 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DOOP.0000019487.88486.0a","volume":"108","author":"P Witkovsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Witkovsky, P. Dopamine and retinal function. Documenta Ophthalmol. 108, 17\u201339 (2004).","journal-title":"Documenta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"237_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-10-02477.1984","volume":"4","author":"M Piccolino","year":"1984","unstructured":"Piccolino, M., Neyton, J. & Gerschenfeld, H. Decrease of gap junction permeability induced by dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3\u2019: 5\u2019-monophosphate in horizontal cells of turtle retina. J. Neurosci. 4, 2477\u20132488 (1984).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00031-8","volume":"20","author":"SA Bloomfield","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bloomfield, S. A. & Dacheux, R. F. Rod vision: Pathways and processing in the mammalian retina. Prog. Retinal Eye Res. 20, 351\u2013384 (2001).","journal-title":"Prog. Retinal Eye Res."},{"key":"237_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523811000368","volume":"29","author":"JB Demb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Demb, J. B. & Singer, J. H. Intrinsic properties and functional circuitry of the AII amacrine cell. Vis. Neurosci. 29, 51 (2012).","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daw, N. W., Brunken, W. J. & Jensen, R. J. Neurobiology of the Inner Retina 363\u2013374 (Springer, 1989).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74149-4_28"},{"key":"237_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2807-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"H Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Adenosine and dopamine receptors coregulate photoreceptor coupling via gap junction phosphorylation in mouse retina. J. Neurosci. 33, 3135\u20133150 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2020.60","volume":"32","author":"D Juri\u0161i\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juri\u0161i\u0107, D. et al. New insights into schizophrenia: A look at the eye and related structures. Psychiatr. Danub. 32, 60\u201369 (2020).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"key":"237_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(01)31024-5","volume":"131","author":"H Qian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Qian, H. & Ripps, H. The GABAC receptors of retinal neurons. Prog. Brain Res. 131, 295\u2013308 (2001).","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"237_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/341536a0","volume":"341","author":"DR Copenhagen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Copenhagen, D. R. & Jahr, C. E. Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from turtle photoreceptors. Nature 341, 536\u2013539 (1989).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"237_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(06)78003-5","volume":"78","author":"DC Javitt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Javitt, D. C. Glutamate and schizophrenia: Phencyclidine, N\u2010methyl\u2010d\u2010aspartate receptors, and dopamine\u2013glutamate interactions. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 78, 69\u2013108 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"237_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X03000025","volume":"26","author":"WA Phillips","year":"2003","unstructured":"Phillips, W. A. & Silverstein, S. M. Convergence of biological and psychological perspectives on cognitive coordination in schizophrenia. Behav. Brain Sci. 26, 65\u201382 (2003).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"237_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107077739","volume":"21","author":"PJ Uhlhaas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uhlhaas, P. J., Millard, I., Muetzelfeldt, L., Curran, H. V. & Morgan, C. J. Perceptual organization in ketamine users: Preliminary evidence of deficits on night of drug use but not 3 days later. J. Psychopharmacol. 21, 347\u2013352 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"237_CR118","first-page":"585","volume":"41","author":"NL Barnett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barnett, N. L. & Pow, D. V. Antisense knockdown of GLAST, a glial glutamate transporter, compromises retinal function. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41, 585\u2013591 (2000).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.3.341","volume":"52","author":"C Bulens","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bulens, C., Meerwaldt, J., Van Der Wildt, G. & Keemink, C. Visual contrast sensitivity in drug-induced Parkinsonism. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry 52, 341\u2013345 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.10.1795","volume":"160","author":"Y Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Effects of typical, atypical, and no antipsychotic drugs on visual contrast detection in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 1795\u20131801 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR121","first-page":"195","volume":"4","author":"L Domenici","year":"1985","unstructured":"Domenici, L., Trimarchi, C., Piccolino, M., Fiorentini, A. & Maffei, L. Dopaminergic drugs improve human visual contrast sensitivity. Hum. Neurobiol. 4, 195\u2013197 (1985).","journal-title":"Hum. Neurobiol."},{"key":"237_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523807070253","volume":"24","author":"S K\u00e9ri","year":"2007","unstructured":"K\u00e9ri, S. & Benedek, G. Visual contrast sensitivity alterations in inferred magnocellular pathways and anomalous perceptual experiences in people at high-risk for psychosis. Vis. Neurosci. 24, 183 (2007).","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22604","volume":"519","author":"AJ Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang, A. J., Jacoby, R. & Wu, S. M. Light\u2010and dopamine\u2010regulated receptive field plasticity in primate horizontal cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 519, 2125\u20132134 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"237_CR124","unstructured":"Dowling, J. E. The Retina: An Approachable Part of the Brain (Harvard University Press, 1987)."},{"key":"237_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.06.019","volume":"219","author":"DL Demmin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demmin, D. L., Mote, J., Beaudette, D. M., Thompson, J. L. & Silverstein, S. M. Retinal functioning and reward processing in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 219, 25\u201333 (2020).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR126","first-page":"76","volume":"151","author":"CJ Pelino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pelino, C. J. & Pizzimenti, J. J. The miniature multitasker: What makes the hypothalamus so important to the eye and visual system? Rev. Optometry 151, 76\u201378 (2014).","journal-title":"Rev. Optometry"},{"key":"237_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8900","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7644","volume":"52","author":"D Cao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cao, D. et al. Functional loss in the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in patients with optic neuritis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52, 8900\u20138907 (2011).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casagrande, V. & Ichida, J. Processing in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Adler\u2019s Physiology of the Eye 574\u2013585 (2011).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-05714-1.00029-7"},{"key":"237_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casagrande, V.A. & Xu, X. Parallel visual pathways: a comparative perspective. The Visual Neurosciences, 494\u2013506 (MIT Press, 2004).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7131.003.0037"},{"key":"237_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherman, S. M. & Guillery, R. W. Exploring the Thalamus and its Role in Cortical Function (MIT Press, 2006).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2940.001.0001"},{"key":"237_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24590","volume":"527","author":"J Krueger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krueger, J. & Disney, A. A. Structure and function of dual\u2010source cholinergic modulation in early vision. J. Comp. Neurol. 527, 738\u2013750 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"237_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casagrande, V. A., Royal, D. W. & S\u00e1ry, G. Extraretinal inputs and feedbackmechanisms to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The Primate Visual System: A Comparative Approach, 191\u2013211 (2005).","DOI":"10.1002\/0470868112.ch7"},{"key":"237_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn093","volume":"19","author":"M\u00c1 Garc\u00eda-Cabezas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Cabezas, M. \u00c1., Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez, P., S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. \u00c1., Garz\u00f3n, M. & Cavada, C. Dopamine innervation in the thalamus: Monkey versus rat. Cerebral Cortex 19, 424\u2013434 (2009).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"237_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012721","volume":"539","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Kerscher, N., Eysel, U. & Funke, K. D1 and D2 receptor\u2010mediated dopaminergic modulation of visual responses in cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. J. Physiol. 539, 223\u2013238 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"237_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.3.1800","volume":"76","author":"DW Godwin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Godwin, D. W., Vaughan, J. W. & Sherman, S. M. Metabotropic glutamate receptors switch visual response mode of lateral geniculate nucleus cells from burst to tonic. J. Neurophysiol. 76, 1800\u20131816 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"237_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.026","volume":"103","author":"M Nakajima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nakajima, M., Schmitt, L. I. & Halassa, M. M. Prefrontal cortex regulates sensory filtering through a basal ganglia-to-thalamus pathway. Neuron 103, 445\u2013458. e410 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"237_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00069","volume":"8","author":"C Varela","year":"2014","unstructured":"Varela, C. Thalamic neuromodulation and its implications for executive networks. Front. Neural Circuits 8, 69 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"237_CR138","unstructured":"Stidwill, D. & Fletcher, R. Normal Binocular Vision: Theory, Investigation and Practical Aspects (John Wiley & Sons, 2017)."},{"key":"237_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.04.068","volume":"29","author":"S Poltoratski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poltoratski, S., Maier, A., Newton, A. T. & Tong, F. Figure-ground modulation in the human lateral geniculate nucleus is distinguishable from top-down attention. Curr. Biol. 29, 2051\u20132057. e2053 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"237_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0203j.x","volume":"531","author":"X Xu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. A comparison of koniocellular, magnocellular, and parvocellular receptive field properties in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). J. Physiol. 531, 203\u2013218 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"237_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661938","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.661938","volume":"12","author":"US Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, U. S., Mahroo, O. A., Mollon, J. D. & Yu-Wai-Man, P. Retinal ganglion cells-diversity of cell types and clinical relevance. Front. Neurol. 12, 661938 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol"},{"key":"237_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66092-9","volume":"10","author":"W Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan, W. et al. Cell atlas of the human fovea and peripheral retina. Sci. Rep. 10, 1\u201317 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"237_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/10.11.4","volume":"10","author":"D Cao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cao, D., Lee, B. B. & Sun, H. Combination of rod and cone inputs in parasol ganglion cells of the magnocellular pathway. J. Vis. 10, 4\u20134 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"237_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45231-x","volume":"9","author":"C Marosi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marosi, C., Fodor, Z. & Csukly, G. From basic perception deficits to facial affect recognition impairments in schizophrenia. Sci. Rep. 9, 1\u201313 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"237_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1134\/S0362119721050121","volume":"47","author":"I Shoshina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shoshina, I., Mukhitova, Y. V., Tregubenko, I., Pronin, S. & Isaeva, E. Contrast sensitivity of the visual system and cognitive functions in schizophrenia and depression. Human Physiol. 47, 516\u2013527 (2021).","journal-title":"Human Physiol."},{"key":"237_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01335","volume":"31","author":"M Vaziri-Pashkam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vaziri-Pashkam, M., Taylor, J. & Xu, Y. Spatial frequency tolerant visual object representations in the human ventral and dorsal visual processing pathways. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 31, 49\u201363 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.07.002","volume":"56","author":"BC Skottun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skottun, B. C. On the use of spatial frequency to isolate contributions from the magnocellular and parvocellular systems and the dorsal and ventral cortical streams. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 56, 266\u2013275 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"237_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-12-05334.1993","volume":"13","author":"D Dacey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dacey, D. The mosaic of midget ganglion cells in the human retina. J. Neurosci. 13, 5334\u20135355 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-070918-050233","volume":"42","author":"A Kling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kling, A., Field, G., Brainard, D. & Chichilnisky, E. Probing computation in the primate visual system at single-cone resolution. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 42, 169\u2013186 (2019).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.10.010","volume":"30","author":"SS Patterson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patterson, S. S. et al. Another blue-ON ganglion cell in the primate retina. Curr. Biol. 30, R1409\u2013R1410 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"237_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/13.2.20","volume":"13","author":"N Hall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hall, N. & Colby, C. Psychophysical definition of S-cone stimuli in the macaque. J. Vis. 13, 20\u201320 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"237_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00555","volume":"26","author":"N Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hall, N. & Colby, C. S-cone visual stimuli activate superior colliculus neurons in old world monkeys: Implications for understanding blindsight. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 26, 1234\u20131256 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6743","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1600095113","volume":"113","author":"NJ Hall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hall, N. J. & Colby, C. L. Express saccades and superior colliculus responses are sensitive to short-wavelength cone contrast. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 6743\u20136748 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"237_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.20.2.9","volume":"20","author":"K Kveraga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kveraga, K., Im, H. Y., Ward, N. & Adams, R. B. Fast saccadic and manual responses to faces presented to the koniocellular visual pathway. J. Vis. 20, 9\u20139 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"237_CR155","first-page":"250","volume":"25","author":"C Enroth-Cugell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Enroth-Cugell, C. & Robson, J. G. Functional characteristics and diversity of cat retinal ganglion cells. Basic characteristics and quantitative description. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 25, 250\u2013267 (1984).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.022","volume":"167","author":"LE Welbourne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Welbourne, L. E., Morland, A. B. & Wade, A. R. Population receptive field (pRF) measurements of chromatic responses in human visual cortex using fMRI. NeuroImage 167, 84\u201394 (2018).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"237_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marc, Robert E. Synaptic organization of the retina. Adler\u2019s Physiology of the Eye. 443-458, (Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2011).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-05714-1.00021-2"},{"key":"237_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01922.1996","volume":"16","author":"CR Yang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yang, C. R. & Seamans, J. K. Dopamine D1 receptor actions in layers V-VI rat prefrontal cortex neurons in vitro: modulation of dendritic-somatic signal integration. J. Neurosci. 16, 1922\u20131935 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.02.010","volume":"102","author":"C Bennett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bennett, C. et al. Higher-order thalamic circuits channel parallel streams of visual information in mice. Neuron 102, 477\u2013492. e475 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"237_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.11.008","volume":"83","author":"S Parnaudeau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parnaudeau, S., Bolkan, S. S. & Kellendonk, C. The mediodorsal thalamus: An essential partner of the prefrontal cortex for cognition. Biol. Psychiatry 83, 648\u2013656 (2018).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2021.07.008","volume":"142","author":"O Maith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maith, O., Schwarz, A. & Hamker, F. H. Optimal attention tuning in a neuro-computational model of the visual cortex\u2013basal ganglia\u2013prefrontal cortex loop. Neural Netw. 142, 534\u2013547 (2021).","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"237_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000159","volume":"28","author":"P Vuilleumier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vuilleumier, P. Affective and motivational control of vision. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 28, 29\u201335 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"237_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5298-05.2006","volume":"26","author":"A Hirata","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirata, A., Aguilar, J. & Castro-Alamancos, M. A. Noradrenergic activation amplifies bottom-up and top-down signal-to-noise ratios in sensory thalamus. J. Neurosci. 26, 4426\u20134436 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321662976","volume":"15","author":"M Bar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bar, M. A cortical mechanism for triggering top-down facilitation in visual object recognition. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15, 600\u2013609 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"237_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611413471","volume":"22","author":"E Tapia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tapia, E. & Breitmeyer, B. G. Visual consciousness revisited: Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to conscious and nonconscious vision. Psychol. Sci. 22, 934\u2013942 (2011).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2003.09.015","volume":"97","author":"TS Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee, T. S. Computations in the early visual cortex. J. Physiol.-Paris 97, 121\u2013139 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Physiol.-Paris"},{"key":"237_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118608","volume":"244","author":"H Kwon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwon, H. et al. Early cortical signals in visual stimulus detection. Neuroimage 244, 118608 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"237_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01051.2010","volume":"106","author":"K Wunderlich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wunderlich, K., Beierholm, U. R., Bossaerts, P. & O\u2019Doherty, J. P. The human prefrontal cortex mediates integration of potential causes behind observed outcomes. J. Neurophysiol. 106, 1558\u20131569 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"237_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh146","volume":"15","author":"FH Hamker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hamker, F. H. The reentry hypothesis: The putative interaction of the frontal eye field, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and areas V4, IT for attention and eye movement. Cerebral Cortex 15, 431\u2013447 (2005).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"237_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09995","volume":"474","author":"B Noudoost","year":"2011","unstructured":"Noudoost, B. & Moore, T. Control of visual cortical signals by prefrontal dopamine. Nature 474, 372\u2013375 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"237_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8850","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100999108","volume":"108","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Object decoding with attention in inferior temporal cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 8850\u20138855 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"237_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.086","volume":"52","author":"D Dima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dima, D., Dietrich, D. E., Dillo, W. & Emrich, H. M. Impaired top-down processes in schizophrenia: A DCM study of ERPs. NeuroImage 52, 824\u2013832 (2010).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"237_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702612464618","volume":"1","author":"E Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, E. et al. Visual context processing in schizophrenia. Clin. Psychol. Sci. 1, 5\u201315 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"237_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004558","volume":"39","author":"N Forbes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Forbes, N., Carrick, L., McIntosh, A. & Lawrie, S. Working memory in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychol. Med. 39, 889\u2013905 (2009).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"237_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0231-1","volume":"24","author":"J Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo, J., Ragland, J. D. & Carter, C. S. Memory and cognition in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 24, 633\u2013642 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs169","volume":"23","author":"DJ Calderone","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calderone, D. J. et al. Contributions of low and high spatial frequency processing to impaired object recognition circuitry in schizophrenia. Cerebral Cortex 23, 1849\u20131858 (2013).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"237_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldn035","volume":"88","author":"K Marwick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marwick, K. & Hall, J. Social cognition in schizophrenia: A review of face processing. Br. Med. Bull. 88, 43\u201358 (2008).","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"237_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.07.010","volume":"70","author":"A Anticevic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anticevic, A., Repovs, G., Corlett, P. R. & Barch, D. M. Negative and nonemotional interference with visual working memory in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 70, 1159\u20131168 (2011).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"237_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171800051X","volume":"49","author":"M St\u00e4blein","year":"2019","unstructured":"St\u00e4blein, M. et al. Visual working memory encoding in schizophrenia and first-degree relatives: Neurofunctional abnormalities and impaired consolidation. Psychol. Med. 49, 75\u201383 (2019).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"237_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.03.031","volume":"253","author":"C Jahshan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jahshan, C., Wolf, M., Karbi, Y., Shamir, E. & Rassovsky, Y. Probing the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways in facial emotion perception in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 253, 38\u201342 (2017).","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"237_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2016.05.003","volume":"47","author":"C O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan, C., Kveraga, K., Shine, J. M., Adams, R. B. Jr. & Bar, M. Predictions penetrate perception: Converging insights from brain, behaviour, and disorder. Consciousness Cogn. 47, 63\u201374 (2017).","journal-title":"Consciousness Cogn."},{"key":"237_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116650087","volume":"30","author":"PR Corlett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D. & Fletcher, P. C. Prediction error, ketamine, and psychosis: An updated model. J. Psychopharmacol. 30, 1145\u20131155 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"237_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21407-9","volume":"8","author":"WH Alexander","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alexander, W. H. & Brown, J. W. Frontal cortex function as derived from hierarchical predictive coding. Sci. Rep. 8, 1\u201311 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"237_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.11.013","volume":"53","author":"M Inan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inan, M., Petros, T. J. & Anderson, S. A. Losing your inhibition: Linking cortical GABAergic interneurons to schizophrenia. Neurobiol. Dis. 53, 36\u201348 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"237_CR185","first-page":"345","volume":"46","author":"AD Shaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shaw, A. D. et al. Oscillatory, computational, and behavioral evidence for impaired GABAergic inhibition in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 46, 345\u2013353 (2020).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"237_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.02.024","volume":"617","author":"E Leivada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leivada, E. Vision, language and a protective mechanism towards psychosis. Neurosci. Lett. 617, 178\u2013181 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"237_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.06.061","volume":"202","author":"VA Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan, V. A. et al. Congenital blindness is protective for schizophrenia and other psychotic illness. A whole-population study. Schizophr. Res. 202, 414\u2013416 (2018).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"237_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00466","volume":"4","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silverstein, S. M. et al. Effects of short-term inpatient treatment on sensitivity to a size contrast illusion in first-episode psychosis and multiple-episode schizophrenia. Front. Psychol. 4, 466 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"237_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00352","volume":"4","author":"S Landgraf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landgraf, S. & Osterheider, M. \u201cTo see or not to see: that is the question\u201d. The \u201cProtection-Against-Schizophrenia\u201d (PaSZ) model: Evidence from congenital blindness and visuo-cognitive aberrations. Front. Psychol. 4, 352 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41537-022-00237-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41537-022-00237-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41537-022-00237-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T18:12:51Z","timestamp":1726855971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41537-022-00237-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"references-count":189,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41537-022-00237-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2754-6993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2754-6993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"27"}}