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Alexithymia\u2014comprising difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), difficulty describing feelings (DDF), and externally oriented thinking (EOT)\u2014is considered a shared vulnerability factor, yet the relative prominence of each facet within and across these disorders remains uncertain. The current two meta-analyses synthesised severity of overall alexithymia and its facets in SSDs (Meta-analysis 1) or DDs (Meta-analysis 2) compared to psychiatrically healthy controls. A preregistered search of PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase (1970\u201331 December 2024) identified adult case-control studies. Pooled Hedges\u2019\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    values were estimated with random-effects meta-analysis models, then compared across diagnoses (moderator analyses) with mixed-effects meta-analysis models. Meta-analysis 1 pooled 27 SSD studies (1477 patients, 1249 controls). Meta-analysis 2 pooled 30 DD studies (842 patients, 796 controls). Both patient groups scored higher than controls on overall alexithymia and all facets. In SSDs, DIF showed the largest group effect (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.894; CI 0.667\u20131.122), whereas DDF (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.622; CI 0.468\u20130.775) and EOT (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.585; CI 0.400\u20130.770) showed moderate effects. In DDs, both DIF (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.311; CI 0.991\u20131.632) and DDF (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.954; CI 0.707\u20131.202) showed large effects, whereas EOT (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.427; CI 0.163\u20130.690) showed a small-to-moderate effect. Between the disorder groups, after removing extreme effects, DDs exhibited greater DIF and DDF than SSDs, whereas SSDs showed higher EOT. Heterogeneity was moderate-to-high, and publication bias was possible in SSD studies. Alexithymia is a significant transdiagnostic deficit, but its facet profiles differ between SSDs and DDs. Emotion-focused interventions should therefore target facet-specific deficits prominent to each disorder group.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-026-00765-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:14:27Z","timestamp":1778757267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alexithymia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and dissociative disorders: two meta-analytic reviews"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0342-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan Ho-wang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1777-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8918-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne Ho-wai","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"765_CR1","first-page":"154","volume":"18","author":"JC Nemiah","year":"1970","unstructured":"Nemiah, J. 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