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However, empirical research has largely relied on static laboratory tasks that poorly capture the dynamic perception-action loops of everyday environments. In this exploratory study, we used immersive virtual reality (VR) to examine environmental exploration and interaction in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200919 each). Participants completed baseline questionnaires including self-report measures of anomalous world experience and were exposed to natural and urban 360\u00b0 video environments and an interactive VR game. Their field of view was recorded and manually coded using a predefined coding scheme. Subjective affect, stress, and presence were assessed before and after VR exposure. Patients with schizophrenia showed reduced visual exploration of the environments, reflected by fewer gaze shifts per minute compared with controls, particularly in urban scenes. In the interactive VR game, overall object interaction patterns were comparable, although patients showed a tendency toward longer latencies before initiating social interaction with a virtual non-player character. Reduced fixation of the character\u2019s face was strongly associated with domains of anomalous world experience related to other persons, language, and atmosphere. Qualitative observations further suggested that immersive environments could interact with the sense-making of psychotic experiences in a few participants. Although preliminary given the limited sample size, these findings indicate subtle alterations in how patients with schizophrenia explore their surroundings, while basic object interaction remains preserved. Immersive VR paradigms may provide a promising experimental platform to investigate altered subject-world relations in psychosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-026-00774-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:45:06Z","timestamp":1782416706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring interaction with environmental affordances in schizophrenia spectrum disorders using virtual reality"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9532-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Sader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Willms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Juckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Mavrogiorgou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"774_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby058","volume":"44","author":"FJ Charlson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Charlson, F. 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