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Learn."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Action video-games (AVGs) could improve reading efficiency, enhancing not only visual attention but also phonological processing. Here we tested the AVG effects upon three consolidated language-based predictors of reading development in a sample of 79 pre-readers at-risk and 41 non-at-risk for developmental dyslexia. At-risk children were impaired in either phonemic awareness (i.e., phoneme discrimination task), phonological working memory (i.e., pseudoword repetition task) or rapid automatized naming (i.e., RAN of colours task). At-risk children were assigned to different groups by using an unequal allocation randomization: (1) AVG (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200943), (2) Serious Non-Action Video Game (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911), (3) treatment-as-usual (i.e., speech therapy,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911), and (4) waiting list (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914). Pre- and post-training comparisons show that only phonemic awareness has a significantly higher improvement in the AVG group compared to the waiting list, the non-AVG, and the treatment-as-usual groups, as well as the combined active groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200922). This cross-modal plastic change: (i) leads to a recovery in phonemic awareness when compared to the not-at-risk pre-readers; (ii) is present in more than 80% of AVG at-risk pre-readers, and; (iii) is maintained at a 6-months follow-up. The present findings indicate that this specific multisensory attentional training positively affects how phonemic awareness develops in pre-readers at risk for developmental dyslexia, paving the way for innovative prevention programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41539-024-00230-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T05:01:37Z","timestamp":1710997297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Action video games normalise the phonemic awareness in pre-readers at risk for developmental dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Andreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mascheretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Ruffino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Trezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Enrica","family":"Sali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Salandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ombretta","family":"Gaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Palazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4626-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Facoetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000369","volume":"130","author":"MM Andersen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andersen, M. 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