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He consults for major pharmaceutical companies, and start-ups, all of which are handled through academic pipelines (AstraZeneca, Amgen, Biogen, Boston Scientific, Cemka, Cook, Docaposte\/Heva, Edimark, Ellipses, Elsevier, Grunenthal, Hemovis, Janssen, IAGE, Lek, Methodomics, Merck, M\u00e9rieux, Novartis, Octopize, Sanofi-Genzyme, Lifen, TuneInsight, Aspire UAE). PA Gourraud is a volunteer board member at AXA not-for-profit mutual insurance company (2021). He has no prescription activity with either drugs or devices. He receives no wages from these activities.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12"}}