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Levaraging flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence data, we performed a time-resolved quantitative assessment of immune cell dynamics in tumor-draining lymph node (tdLN) and non-tumor-draining lymph node (non-tdLN) in a melanoma mouse model receiving ACT. Transferred tumor-reactive CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells accumulated and expanded early after treatment initiation, showing the highest frequency of a favorable central memory 13 CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell phenotype in the tdLN. Enhancing innate immune signaling in melanomas increased neutrophil influx into lymph nodes, particularly the non-tdLN; however, within the tdLN, neutrophils were enriched in the T cell zone, which also contained the largest absolute reservoir of transferred CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. Together, these findings indicate that tdLN and non-tdLN differ in early neutrophil dynamics and compartmentalization during ACT, influenced by the strength of innate immune signaling in the tumor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41540-026-00765-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:33:00Z","timestamp":1781155980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal spatial neutrophil profiling during ACT in murine melanoma reveals distinct lymph node infiltration patterns"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"van der Voort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Effern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C. 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