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One of the unresolved issues concerns the importance of resident immunity, since a recent study showed that optimal protection against a transcervical (TC) infection required genital tissue-resident memory T cells. An important question in the\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    field is therefore if a parenteral vaccine strategy, inducing only circulating immunity primed at a nonmucosal site, should be pursued by\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    vaccine developers. To address this question we studied the protective efficacy of a parenteral\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    vaccine, formulated in the Th1\/Th17 T cell-inducing adjuvant CAF01. We found that a parenteral vaccination induced significant protection against a TC infection and against development of chronic pathology. Protection correlated with rapid recruitment of Th1\/Th17 T cells to the genital tract (GT), which efficiently prevented infection-driven generation of low quality Th1 or Th17 T cells, and instead maintained a pool of high quality multifunctional Th1\/Th17 T cells in the GT throughout the infection. After clearance of the infection, a pool of these cells settled in the GT as tissue-resident Th1 and Th17 cells expressing CD69 but not CD103, CD49d, or CCR7, where they responded rapidly to a reinfection. These results show that a nonmucosal parenteral strategy inducing Th1 and Th17 T cells mediates protection against both infection with\n                    <jats:italic>C.t<\/jats:italic>\n                    . as well as development of chronic pathology, and lead to post-challenge protective tissue-resident memory immunity in the genital tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-0157-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T06:02:58Z","timestamp":1579759378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Parenteral vaccination protects against transcervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and generate tissue-resident T cells post-challenge"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nina Dieu Nhien Tran","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja W.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Lorenzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3602-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malene","family":"Hvid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Follmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"157_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. in WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. 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