{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:24:09Z","timestamp":1788877449843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI158044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI158044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study is to further analyze recombinant rabies virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, CORAVAX, as an effective COVID-19 vaccine strategy. CORAVAX has proven immunogenic and protective against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models. Here, we have screened adjuvants for the highest quality antibody titers, negated the concern of pre-existing rabies-vector immunity, and established its potential as a long-term COVID-19 vaccine. We have tested toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists, inflammasome activators, and alum adjuvants in CORAVAX and found TLR4-activating MPLA-AddaVax to have the greatest potential. We followed the humoral immune response to CORAVAX in mice with pre-existing rabies virus immunity and saw no significant differences compared to naive mice. We then followed the immune response to CORAVAX over several months and 1-year post-immunization. Mice maintained high antigen-specific serum antibody titers as well as long-lived antibody-secreting cells in the spleen and bone marrow. We believe this rabies-vector strategy combats the problem of waning immunity of other COVID-19 vaccines. These results together support CORAVAX\u2019s potential during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00532-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T16:18:54Z","timestamp":1663949934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Inactivated rabies-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provides long-term immune response unaffected by vector immunity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Yankowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wirblich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3959-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drishya","family":"Kurup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9040-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias J.","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"532_CR1","unstructured":"Coronavirus Resourse Center https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu (2022)."},{"key":"532_CR2","unstructured":"Landscape of candidate vaccines in clinical development https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines (2022)."},{"key":"532_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00248-6","volume":"5","author":"D Kurup","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kurup, D., Wirblich, C., Ramage, H. & Schnell, M. 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C.Y. has no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"110"}}