{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:46:14Z","timestamp":1787003174818,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC"},{"name":"Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC"},{"name":"Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC"},{"name":"Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC"},{"name":"Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A recommendation from healthcare personnel (HCP) is a strong predictor of vaccination. This study aimed to measure how HCP vaccine attitudes and recommendations changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCP were surveyed in January 2023 using a double opt-in network panel. Survey responses were summarized and stratified by HCP type and COVID-19 booster status. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Comparisons were made to a September 2021 survey, with differences tested for significance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) using Pearson\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    Test. Nearly 82% of the 1207 HCP surveyed had received a COVID-19 booster, most commonly pediatricians (94%), followed by family medicine doctors (87%), pharmacists (74%), and nurses (73%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). HCP with high trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had nearly 6 times the odds (OR: 5.5; 95%CI: 3.9\u20137.7) of being boosted compared to HCP with low trust. From September 2021 to January 2023, the proportion of HCP recommending vaccines (COVID-19 and routine) to their patients decreased substantially for nearly all vaccines and patient populations specified. Trust in CDC also decreased (from 79 to 73%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), as did support for HCP COVID-19 vaccine mandates (from 65 to 46%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). HCP interest in additional online resources to improve their vaccine discussions with patients increased from 46 to 66% (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Additional regularly updated online resources from trusted medical sources that clarify progressing science and address dynamic public concerns are needed to improve vaccine confidence among HCP and help them support their patients\u2019 decision-making.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00826-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T11:02:28Z","timestamp":1709118148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Changes in vaccine attitudes and recommendations among US Healthcare Personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Z.","family":"Dudley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly B.","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Forr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"826_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.08.037","volume":"39","author":"MZ Dudley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dudley, M. Z., Bernier, R., Brewer, J. & Salmon, D. A. Walking the Tightrope: reevaluating science communication in the era of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine 39, 5453\u20135455 (2021).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"826_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Pandemic Fatigue \u2013 Reinvigorating The Public To Prevent COVID-19: Policy Framework For Supporting Pandemic Prevention And Management (2020)."},{"key":"826_CR3","unstructured":"Messerly, M. & Mahr, K. Covid Vaccine Concerns Are Starting To Spill Over Into Routine Immunizations. <https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2022\/04\/18\/kids-are-behind-on-routine-immunizations-covid-vaccine-hesitancy-isnt-helping-00025503> (2022)."},{"key":"826_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12123932","volume":"12","author":"MZ Dudley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dudley, M. Z., Schuh, H. B., Shaw, J. & Salmon, D. A. Attitudes and Values of US Adults Not Yet Up-to-Date on COVID-19 Vaccines in September 2022. J. Clin. Med. 12, 3932 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"826_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30130-4","volume":"20","author":"MZ Dudley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dudley, M. Z. et al. The state of vaccine safety science: systematic reviews of the evidence. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, e80\u2013e89 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"826_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dudley, M. Z. et al. COVID-19 vaccination status, attitudes, and values among US adults in September 2021. J. Clin. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11133734 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133734"},{"key":"826_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7050a1","volume":"70","author":"KH Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen, K. H. et al. Report of Health Care Provider Recommendation for COVID-19 vaccination among adults, by recipient COVID-19 vaccination status and attitudes - United States, April-September 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 70, 1723\u20131730 (2021).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"826_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.01.018","volume":"21","author":"RJ Limaye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Limaye, R. J. et al. Communicating with vaccine-hesitant parents: a narrative review. Acad. Pediatr. 21, S24\u2013s29 (2021).","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"826_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1562907","volume":"18","author":"MK Ellingson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ellingson, M. K. et al. Enhancing uptake of influenza maternal vaccine. Expert Rev. Vaccines 18, 191\u2013204 (2019).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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Daniel Salmon has received research support from Merck and serves on advisory boards for Merck, Janssen, Sanofi, and Moderna. Matthew Dudley and Daniel Salmon have received funding from the Vaccination Confidence Fund, which is jointly funded by Facebook and Merck. Holly Schuh served as a (paid) health advisor to the University of Roehampton that provided guidance on recovery-building and future pandemic preparedness (including views on vaccines\/vaccination) and understanding citizen engagement in the G7 in 2021-22 (during the presented study). Jana Shaw serves as a consultant to Pfizer on meningococcal B vaccine. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"49"}}