{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:54:25Z","timestamp":1791388465290,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004507","name":"CSIR | Central Drug Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CII7070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CII7070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Vaccines"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00975-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T07:04:19Z","timestamp":1729235059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Plasmodium late liver stage arresting GAP provides superior protection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Akancha","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7083-0651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Plabita","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9324-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mrigank","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8942-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satish","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"975_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2023 (WHO, 2023)."},{"key":"975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zavala, F. RTS,S: the first malaria vaccine. J. Clin. Invest. 132, e156588 (2022).","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI156588"},{"key":"975_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.6.1576","volume":"171","author":"DM Gordon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gordon, D. M. et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a recombinantly produced Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-hepatitis B surface antigen subunit vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 171, 1576\u20131585 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00239-X","volume":"15","author":"MT White","year":"2015","unstructured":"White, M. T. et al. Immunogenicity of the RTS,S\/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. 15, 1450\u20131458 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06957-4","volume":"358","author":"KA Bojang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bojang, K. A. et al. Efficacy of RTS,S\/AS02 malaria vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection in semi-immune adult men in The Gambia: a randomised trial. Lancet 358, 1927\u20131934 (2001).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"975_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006465","volume":"4","author":"ME Polhemus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Polhemus, M. E. et al. Evaluation of RTS,S\/AS02A and RTS,S\/AS01B in adults in a high malaria transmission area. PLoS One 4, e6465 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"975_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00943-0","volume":"397","author":"MS Datoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Datoo, M. S. et al. Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 397, 1809\u20131818 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"975_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/216160a0","volume":"216","author":"RS Nussenzweig","year":"1967","unstructured":"Nussenzweig, R. S., Vanderberg, J., Most, H. & Orton, C. Protective immunity produced by the injection of x-irradiated sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. Nature 216, 160\u2013162 (1967).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"975_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166814","volume":"11","author":"MS Oakley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oakley, M. S. et al. Molecular Markers of Radiation Induced Attenuation in Intrahepatic Plasmodium falciparum Parasites. PLoS One 11, e0166814 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"975_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241800","volume":"341","author":"RA Seder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seder, R. A. et al. Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozoite vaccine. Science 341, 1359\u20131365 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"975_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011437","volume":"5","author":"A Maestre","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maestre, A. et al. Acquired antibody responses against Plasmodium vivax infection vary with host genotype for duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). PLoS One 5, 1\u201311 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"975_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.6.1.10396","volume":"6","author":"SL Hoffman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoffman, S. L. et al. Development of a metabolically active, non-replicating sporozoite vaccine to prevent Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Hum. Vaccin. 6, 97\u2013106 (2010).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin."},{"key":"975_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4110","volume":"22","author":"AS Ishizuka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ishizuka, A. S. et al. Protection against malaria at 1 year and immune correlates following PfSPZ vaccination. Nat. Med. 22, 614\u2013623 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"975_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615324114","volume":"114","author":"KE Lyke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lyke, K. E. et al. Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine induces strain-transcending T cells and durable protection against heterologous controlled human malaria infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 2711\u20132716 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"975_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03188","volume":"433","author":"A-K Mueller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mueller, A.-K., Labaied, M., Kappe, S. H. I. & Matuschewski, K. Genetically modified Plasmodium parasites as a protective experimental malaria vaccine. Nature 433, 164\u2013167 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"975_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408442102","volume":"102","author":"AK Mueller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mueller, A. K. et al. Plasmodium liver stage developmental arrest by depletion of a protein at the parasite-host interface. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 3022\u20133027 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"975_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282ef6172","volume":"20","author":"SA Mikolajczak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mikolajczak, S. A., Aly, A. S. I. & Kappe, S. H. I. Preerythrocytic malaria vaccine development. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 20, 461\u2013466 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.6.1.9654","volume":"6","author":"AM Vaughan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vaughan, A. M., Wang, R. & Kappe, S. H. I. Genetically engineered, attenuated whole-cell vaccine approaches for malaria. Hum. Vaccin. 6, 107\u2013113 (2010).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin."},{"key":"975_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.05.008","volume":"9","author":"NS Butler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butler, N. S. et al. Superior antimalarial immunity after vaccination with late liver stage-arresting genetically attenuated parasites. Cell Host Microbe 9, 451\u2013462 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"975_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1086\/519743","volume":"196","author":"O Jobe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jobe, O. et al. Genetically attenuated Plasmodium berghei liver stages induce sterile protracted protection that is mediated by major histocompatibility complex Class I-dependent interferon-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells. J. Infect. Dis. 196, 599\u2013607 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Schaijk, B. C. L. et al. A genetically attenuated malaria vaccine candidate based on P. falciparum b9\/slarp gene-deficient sporozoites. Elife 3, e03582 (2014).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03582"},{"key":"975_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabn9709","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abn9709","volume":"14","author":"SC Murphy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murphy, S. C. et al. A genetically engineered Plasmodium falciparum parasite vaccine provides protection from controlled human malaria infection. Sci. Transl. Med. 14, eabn9709 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"975_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01270.x","volume":"11","author":"AM Vaughan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vaughan, A. M. et al. Type II fatty acid synthesis is essential only for malaria parasite late liver stage development. Cell. Microbiol. 11, 506\u2013520 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.07034.x","volume":"75","author":"Y Pei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pei, Y. et al. Plasmodium pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is only essential for the parasite\u2019s progression from liver infection to blood infection. Mol. Microbiol. 75, 957\u2013971 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12137","volume":"15","author":"B Falkard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Falkard, B. et al. A key role for lipoic acid synthesis during Plasmodium liver stage development. Cell. Microbiol. 15, 1585\u20131604 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.11.001","volume":"4","author":"M Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu, M. et al. The fatty acid biosynthesis enzyme FabI plays a key role in the development of liver-stage malarial parasites. Cell Host Microbe 4, 567\u2013578 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"975_CR27","first-page":"2158","volume":"28","author":"T Annoura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Annoura, T. et al. Two Plasmodium 6-Cys family-related proteins have distinct and critical roles in liver-stage development. FASEB J. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 28, 2158\u20132170 (2014).","journal-title":"FASEB J. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"975_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0001-8","volume":"6","author":"H Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar, H. et al. Protective efficacy and safety of liver stage attenuated malaria parasites. Sci. Rep. 6, 1\u20139 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"975_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12083","volume":"87","author":"Y Orito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orito, Y. et al. Liver-specific protein 2: A Plasmodium protein exported to the hepatocyte cytoplasm and required for merozoite formation. Mol. Microbiol. 87, 66\u201379 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01417-15","volume":"84","author":"DA Dankwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dankwa, D. A., Davis, M. J., Kappe, S. H. I. & Vaughan, A. M. A Plasmodium yoelii Mei2-like RNA binding protein is essential for completion of liver stage schizogony. Infect. Immun. 84, 1336\u20131345 (2016).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"975_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00088-18","volume":"86","author":"AM Vaughan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaughan, A. M. et al. A Plasmodium parasite with complete late liver stage arrest protects against preerythrocytic and erythrocytic stage infection in mice. Infect. Immun. 86, 1\u201318 (2018).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"975_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.135589","volume":"5","author":"D Goswami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goswami, D. et al. A replication-competent late liver stage\u2013attenuated human malaria parasite. JCI Insight 5, 1\u201319 (2020).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"975_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-024-00057-7","volume":"16","author":"D Goswami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goswami, D. et al. A replication competent Plasmodium falciparum parasite completely attenuated by dual gene deletion. EMBO Mol. Med. 16, 723\u2013754 (2024).","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"975_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, C. A. & Zavala, F. Immune Responses in Malaria. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 7, a025577 (2017).","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025577"},{"key":"975_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.151.6.1504","volume":"151","author":"P Potocnjak","year":"1980","unstructured":"Potocnjak, P., Yoshida, N., Nussenzweig, R. S. & Nussenzweig, V. Monovalent fragments (Fab) of monoclonal antibodies to a sporozoite surface antigen (Pb44) protect mice against malarial infection. J. Exp. Med. 151, 1504\u20131513 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"975_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.3.1020","volume":"146","author":"Y Charoenvit","year":"1991","unstructured":"Charoenvit, Y. et al. Monoclonal, but not polyclonal, antibodies protect against Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. J. Immunol. 146, 1020\u20131025 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"975_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.05.005","volume":"34","author":"JP Vanderberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vanderberg, J. P. & Frevert, U. Intravital microscopy demonstrating antibody-mediated immobilisation of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites injected into skin by mosquitoes. Int. J. Parasitol. 34, 991\u2013996 (2004).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"975_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02320-14","volume":"82","author":"GJ Keitany","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keitany, G. J. et al. Immunization of mice with live-attenuated late liver stage-arresting plasmodium yoelii parasites generates protective antibody responses to preerythrocytic stages of malaria. Infect. Immun. 82, 5143\u20135153 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"975_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01500-13","volume":"82","author":"IA Cockburn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cockburn, I. A., Tse, S.-W. W. & Zavala, F. CD8+ T cells eliminate liver-stage Plasmodium berghei parasites without detectable bystander effect. Infect. Immun. 82, 1460\u20131464 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"975_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.08.011","volume":"45","author":"D Fernandez-Ruiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernandez-Ruiz, D. et al. Liver-Resident Memory CD8(+) T Cells Form a Front-Line Defense against Malaria Liver-Stage Infection. Immunity 45, 889\u2013902 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"975_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00272","volume":"5","author":"N Van Braeckel-Budimir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Braeckel-Budimir, N. & Harty, J. T. CD8 T-cell-mediated protection against liver-stage malaria: lessons from a mouse model. Front. Microbiol. 5, 272 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Narwal, S. K. et al. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase regulates organelle biogenesis and hepatic merozoite formation in Plasmodium berghei. Mol. Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.15246 (2024).","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.15246"},{"key":"975_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00362","volume":"10","author":"A Ghosh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghosh, A. et al. A Micronemal Protein, Scot1, Is Essential for Apicoplast Biogenesis and Liver Stage Development in Plasmodium berghei. ACS Infect. Dis. 10, 3013\u20133025 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006889","volume":"4","author":"P Gratraud","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gratraud, P. et al. Oleic acid biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum: characterization of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase and investigation as a potential therapeutic target. PLoS One 4, e6889 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"975_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1086\/519743","volume":"196","author":"O Jobe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jobe, O. et al. Genetically attenuated Plasmodium berghei liver stages induce sterile protracted protection that is mediated by major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent interferon-\u03b3-producing CD8+ T cells. J. Infect. Dis. 196, 599\u2013607 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070842","volume":"8","author":"M Cabrera","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cabrera, M., Pewe, L. L., Harty, J. T. & Frevert, U. In vivo CD8+ T cell dynamics in the liver of Plasmodium yoelii immunized and infected mice. PLoS One 8, e70842 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"975_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNamara, H. A. et al. Up-regulation of LFA-1 allows liver-resident memory T cells to patrol and remain in the hepatic sinusoids. Sci. Immunol. 2, eaaj1996 (2017).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaj1996"},{"key":"975_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40407","volume":"7","author":"FMA Al-Nihmi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Nihmi, F. M. A. et al. A Novel and Conserved Plasmodium Sporozoite Membrane Protein SPELD is Required for Maturation of Exo-erythrocytic Forms. Sci. Rep. 7, 40407 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"975_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00625","volume":"5","author":"JN Dups","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dups, J. N., Pepper, M. & Cockburn, I. A. Antibody and B cell responses to Plasmodium sporozoites. Front. Microbiol. 5, 625 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6985745","volume":"207","author":"N Yoshida","year":"1980","unstructured":"Yoshida, N., Nussenzweig, R. S., Potocnjak, P., Nussenzweig, V. & Aikawa, M. Hybridoma Produces Protective Antibodies Directed against the Sporozoite Stage of Malaria Parasite. Science (80-) 207, 71\u201373 (1980).","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"975_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efficacy and safety of the RTS,S\/AS01 malaria vaccine during 18 months after vaccination: a phase 3 randomized, controlled trial in children and young infants at 11 African sites. PLoS Med. 11, e1001685 (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001685"},{"key":"975_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02511-4","volume":"403","author":"MS Datoo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Datoo, M. S. et al. Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21\/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet 403, 533\u2013544 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"975_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2023.2245890","volume":"22","author":"TL Richie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Richie, T. L. et al. Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria. Expert Rev. Vaccines 22, 964\u20131007 (2023).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"975_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1797","volume":"7","author":"MO Oduoye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oduoye, M. O. et al. Unlocking the potential of novel RTS, S\/AS01, and R21\/Matrix-MTM malaria vaccines in African nations. Heal. Sci. Rep. 7, e1797 (2024).","journal-title":"Heal. Sci. Rep."},{"key":"975_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30104-4","volume":"17","author":"MS Sissoko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sissoko, M. S. et al. Safety and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum via direct venous inoculation in healthy malaria-exposed adults in Mali: a randomised, double-blind phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. 17, 498\u2013509 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211548","volume":"334","author":"JE Epstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Epstein, J. E. et al. Live attenuated malaria vaccine designed to protect through hepatic CD8+ T cell immunity. Science (80-) 334, 475\u2013480 (2011).","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"975_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-1014","volume":"99","author":"SA Jongo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jongo, S. A. et al. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy against Controlled Human Malaria Infection of Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine in Tanzanian Adults. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 99, 338\u2013349 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"975_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0435","volume":"104","author":"SA Jongo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jongo, S. A. et al. Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Radiation-Attenuated and Chemo-Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccines in Equatoguinean Adults. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 104, 283\u2013293 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"975_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00332-7","volume":"22","author":"MS Sissoko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sissoko, M. S. et al. Safety and efficacy of a three-dose regimen of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine in adults during an intense malaria transmission season in Mali: a randomised, controlled phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. 22, 377\u2013389 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21060","volume":"542","author":"B Mordm\u00fcller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mordm\u00fcller, B. et al. Sterile protection against human malaria by chemoattenuated PfSPZ vaccine. Nature 542, 445\u2013449 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"975_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03684-z","volume":"595","author":"A Mwakingwe-Omari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mwakingwe-Omari, A. et al. Two chemoattenuated PfSPZ malaria vaccines induce sterile hepatic immunity. Nature 595, 289\u2013294 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"975_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977472","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.977472","volume":"13","author":"H Nunes-Caba\u00e7o","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nunes-Caba\u00e7o, H., Moita, D. & Prud\u00eancio, M. Five decades of clinical assessment of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccines. Front. Immunol. 13, 977472 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"975_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.85","volume":"22","author":"SA Mikolajczak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mikolajczak, S. A. et al. A next-generation genetically attenuated Plasmodium falciparum parasite created by triple gene deletion. Mol. Ther. 22, 1707\u20131715 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"975_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roestenberg, M. et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1\/2a trial of the genetically attenuated malaria vaccine PfSPZ-GA1. Sci. Transl. Med. 12, eaaz5629 (2020).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz5629"},{"key":"975_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00558-x","volume":"7","author":"B Franke-Fayard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Franke-Fayard, B. et al. Creation and preclinical evaluation of genetically attenuated malaria parasites arresting growth late in the liver. NPJ Vaccines 7, 139 (2022).","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"975_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01500-13","volume":"82","author":"IA Cockburn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cockburn, I. A., Tse, S.-W. & Zavala, F. CD8+ T cells eliminate liver-stage Plasmodium berghei parasites without detectable bystander effect. Infect. Immun. 82, 1460\u20131464 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"975_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00778-9","volume":"8","author":"D Moita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moita, D. et al. The effect of dosage on the protective efficacy of whole-sporozoite formulations for immunization against malaria. NPJ Vaccines 8, 182 (2023).","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"975_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.11.023","volume":"41","author":"D Moita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moita, D. et al. Variable long-term protection by radiation-, chemo-, and genetically-attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoite vaccines. Vaccine 41, 7618\u20137625 (2023).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"975_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/44385","volume":"401","author":"F Sallusto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sallusto, F., Lenig, D., F\u00f6rster, R., Lipp, M. & Lanzavecchia, A. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 401, 708\u2013712 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"975_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02692","volume":"9","author":"MD Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin, M. D. & Badovinac, V. P. Defining Memory CD8 T Cell. Front. Immunol. 9, 1\u201310 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"975_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2013.20","volume":"14","author":"S-W Tse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tse, S.-W., Cockburn, I. A., Zhang, H., Scott, A. L. & Zavala, F. Unique transcriptional profile of liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells induced by immunization with malaria sporozoites. Genes Immun. 14, 302\u2013309 (2013).","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"975_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu281","volume":"210","author":"S-W Tse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tse, S.-W., Radtke, A. J., Espinosa, D. A., Cockburn, I. A. & Zavala, F. The chemokine receptor CXCR6 is required for the maintenance of liver memory CD8+ T cells specific for infectious pathogens. J. Infect. Dis. 210, 1508\u20131516 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"975_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.03.018","volume":"7","author":"JL Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller, J. L., Sack, B. K., Baldwin, M., Vaughan, A. M. & Kappe, S. H. I. Interferon-Mediated Innate Immune Responses against Malaria Parasite Liver Stages. Cell Rep. 7, 436\u2013447 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"975_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11819-0","volume":"10","author":"NK Minkah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Minkah, N. K. et al. Innate immunity limits protective adaptive immune responses against pre-erythrocytic malaria parasites. Nat. Commun. 10, 1\u201314 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"975_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.010","volume":"30","author":"T Annoura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Annoura, T. et al. Assessing the adequacy of attenuation of genetically modified malaria parasite vaccine candidates. Vaccine 30, 2662\u20132670 (2012).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"975_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00264-13","volume":"13","author":"BCL van Schaijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Schaijk, B. C. L. et al. Type II fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite development in the midgut of Anopheles mosquitoes. Eukaryot. Cell 13, 550\u2013559 (2014).","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"975_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092412-155741","volume":"67","author":"GG van Dooren","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Dooren, G. G. & Striepen, B. The algal past and parasite present of the apicoplast. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 67, 271\u2013289 (2013).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14432","volume":"113","author":"R Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta, R. et al. Secreted protein with altered thrombospondin repeat (SPATR) is essential for asexual blood stages but not required for hepatocyte invasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Mol. Microbiol. 113, 478\u2013491 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"975_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.53","volume":"1","author":"CJ Janse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janse, C. J., Ramesar, J. & Waters, A. P. High-efficiency transfection and drug selection of genetically transformed blood stages of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Nat. Protoc. 1, 346\u2013356 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"975_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.002","volume":"52","author":"PN Srivastava","year":"2022","unstructured":"Srivastava, P. N. & Mishra, S. Disrupting a Plasmodium berghei putative phospholipase impairs efficient egress of merosomes. Int. J. Parasitol. 52, 547\u2013558 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"975_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhary, H. H., Gupta, R. & Mishra, S. PKAc is not required for the preerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei. Life Sci Alliance 2, e201900352 (2019).","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.201900352"},{"key":"975_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127051","volume":"260","author":"SK Narwal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Narwal, S. K., Nayak, B., Mehra, P. & Mishra, S. Protein kinase 9 is not required for completion of the Plasmodium berghei life cycle. Microbiol. Res. 260, 127051 (2022).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"975_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(88)90358-4","volume":"112","author":"L R\u00e9nia","year":"1988","unstructured":"R\u00e9nia, L. et al. Malaria sporozoite penetration A new approach by double staining. J. Immunol. Methods 112, 201\u2013205 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"975_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/294361a0","volume":"294","author":"AA Holder","year":"1981","unstructured":"Holder, A. A. & Freeman, R. R. Immunization against blood-stage rodent malaria using purified parasite antigens. Nature 294, 361\u2013364 (1981).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"975_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.22582","volume":"78","author":"JR Gallagher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gallagher, J. R. & Prigge, S. T. Plasmodium falciparum acyl carrier protein crystal structures in disulfide-linked and reduced states and their prevalence during blood stage growth. Proteins 78, 575\u2013588 (2010).","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"975_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05004-2","volume":"80","author":"A Mishra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mishra, A., Varshney, A. & Mishra, S. Regulation of Atg8 membrane deconjugation by cysteine proteases in the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 80, 344 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"975_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00932618","volume":"80","author":"M Tsuji","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tsuji, M., Mattei, D., Nussenzweig, R. S., Eichinger, D. & Zavala, F. Demonstration of heat-shock protein 70 in the sporozoite stage of malaria parasites. Parasitol. Res. 80, 16\u201321 (1994).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"975_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mishra, A., Srivastava, P. N., H, S. A. & Mishra, S. Autophagy protein Atg7 is essential and druggable for maintaining malaria parasite cellular homeostasis and organelle biogenesis. bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.08.16.553492 (2023).","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.16.553492"},{"key":"975_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.69","volume":"1","author":"B Franke-Fayard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franke-Fayard, B., Waters, A. P. & Janse, C. J. Real-time in vivo imaging of transgenic bioluminescent blood stages of rodent malaria parasites in mice. Nat. Protoc. 1, 476\u2013485 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"975_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2815-6_1","volume":"1325","author":"I Mohar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohar, I., Brempelis, K. J., Murray, S. A., Ebrahimkhani, M. R. & Crispe, I. N. Isolation of Non-parenchymal Cells from the Mouse Liver. Methods Mol. Biol. 1325, 3\u201317 (2015).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["npj Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41541-024-00975-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41541-024-00975-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41541-024-00975-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T13:06:04Z","timestamp":1729515964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41541-024-00975-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-024-00975-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2059-0105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2059-0105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"193"}}