{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T03:24:54Z","timestamp":1794021894859,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["855741-DDREAMM-ERC-2019-SyG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["855741-DDREAMM-ERC-2019-SyG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["855741-DDREAMM-ERC-2019-SyG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["855741-DDREAMM-ERC-2019-SyG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_188858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_188858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030_232029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_232029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008483","name":"NOMIS Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lotte und Adolf Hotz-Sprenger Stiftung","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04eneqs42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004410","name":"European Molecular Biology Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALTF 144-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALTF 144-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001735","name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Women\u2019s Postdoctoral Career Development Award in Science"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Women\u2019s Postdoctoral Career Development Award in Science"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005386","name":"Council for Higher Education of Israel | Israeli Centers for Research Excellence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Outstanding Postdoctoral Women Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Outstanding Postdoctoral Women Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mark Foundation for Cancer Research (MFCR) ASPIRE II Award","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00v7th354","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRCPGM\\100005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRCPGM\\100005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEBINT-2024\/100003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEBINT-2024\/100003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stimulation of the innate immune system by foreign RNA elicits a potent interferon response and can trigger cell death. The mechanisms by which cells balance a robust response with cell-intrinsic lethality are still being uncovered. Here, using genome-wide CRISPR\u2013Cas9 genetic screens with triphosphorylated RNA stimulation, we discover that promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) nuclear body-localized speckled protein 110 (SP110) is a potent inhibitor of type 1 interferon-driven cell death. Death suppression by SP110 counteracts a toxic activity of SP100, a major constituent of PML bodies. Loss of SP110 leads to mitotic retention of SP100 and PML bodies, which associate with and perturb segregating chromosomes, leading to micronucleus formation, DNA damage and genotoxic cell death. A combination of cryo-electron microscopy, AlphaFold modelling and cellular biochemistry reveals that SP110 dissolves toxic SP100 oligomers via necessary and sufficient direct interactions between their caspase activation and recruitment domains. These data reveal the critical roles of SP100 and SP110 in governing the disassembly of PML bodies during mitosis, as well as the repercussions if this process is misregulated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-026-01916-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:01:28Z","timestamp":1773396088000},"page":"684-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An SP110\u2013SP100 axis is a critical regulator of promyelocytic leukaemia body dynamics and mitotic fidelity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric J.","family":"Aird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Rabl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabea","family":"Knuesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Groen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah W.","family":"Awwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Korablev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8330-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn","family":"Scherpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Al-Herz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Hupfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9121-6936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Recher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-7937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3891-9480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin G.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Corn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1916_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0391-5","volume":"21","author":"SR Paludan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paludan, S. R., Pradeu, T., Masters, S. L. & Mogensen, T. H. Constitutive immune mechanisms: mediators of host defence and immune regulation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 137\u2013150 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1593-5","volume":"574","author":"O Demaria","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demaria, O. et al. Harnessing innate immunity in cancer therapy. Nature 574, 45\u201356 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1916_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.78","volume":"16","author":"M Schlee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schlee, M. & Hartmann, G. Discriminating self from non-self in nucleic acid sensing. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16, 566\u2013580 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","volume":"14","author":"LB Ivashkiv","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ivashkiv, L. B. & Donlin, L. T. Regulation of type I interferon responses. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 36\u201349 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00572-5","volume":"22","author":"Q Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, Q., McAtee, C. K. & Su, X. Phase separation in immune signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 22, 188\u2013199 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat1022","volume":"361","author":"M Du","year":"2018","unstructured":"Du, M. & Chen, Z. J. DNA-induced liquid phase condensation of cGAS activates innate immune signaling. Science 361, 704\u2013709 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1916_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2025.01.027","volume":"85","author":"M Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi, M. et al. Nucleic-acid-induced ZCCHC3 condensation promotes broad innate immune responses. Mol. Cell 85, 962\u2013975 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120231","volume":"32","author":"WM Schneider","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schneider, W. M., Chevillotte, M. D. & Rice, C. M. Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 32, 513\u2013545 (2014).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015756","volume":"6","author":"JW Schoggins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schoggins, J. W. Interferon-stimulated genes: what do they all do?. Annu. Rev. Virol. 6, 567\u2013584 (2019).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"1916_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607038104","volume":"104","author":"DJ Lenschow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lenschow, D. J. et al. IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 1371\u20131376 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1916_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.01.004","volume":"31","author":"KV Katlinski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katlinski, K. V. et al. Inactivation of interferon receptor promotes the establishment of immune privileged tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 31, 194\u2013207 (2017).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101320-011235","volume":"40","author":"K Nozaki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nozaki, K., Li, L. & Miao, E. A. Innate sensors trigger regulated cell death to combat intracellular infection. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 40, 469\u2013498 (2022).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.03.010","volume":"83","author":"M Paget","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paget, M. et al. Stress granules are shock absorbers that prevent excessive innate immune responses to dsRNA. Mol. Cell 83, 1180\u20131196 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2005840","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2005840","volume":"16","author":"B Wienert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wienert, B., Shin, J., Zelin, E., Pestal, K. & Corn, J. E. In vitro\u2013transcribed guide RNAs trigger an innate immune response via the RIG-I pathway. PLoS Biol. 16, e2005840 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"1916_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.231936.117","volume":"28","author":"S Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. CRISPR RNAs trigger innate immune responses in human cells. Genome Res. 28, 367\u2013373 (2018).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"1916_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0288-3","volume":"20","author":"J Rehwinkel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rehwinkel, J. & Gack, M. U. RIG-I-like receptors: their regulation and roles in RNA sensing. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 537\u2013551 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR17","first-page":"2399","volume":"119","author":"R Besch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Besch, R. et al. Proapoptotic signaling induced by RIG-I and MDA-5 results in type I interferon\u2013independent apoptosis in human melanoma cells. J. Clin. Invest. 119, 2399\u20132411 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1916_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.96","volume":"21","author":"P Duewell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duewell, P. et al. RIG-I-like helicases induce immunogenic cell death of pancreatic cancer cells and sensitize tumors toward killing by CD8+ T cells. Cell Death Differ. 21, 1825\u20131837 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"1916_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.06.010","volume":"20","author":"CJ Blondel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blondel, C. J. et al. CRISPR\/Cas9 screens reveal requirements for host cell sulfation and fucosylation in bacterial type III secretion system-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell Host Microbe 20, 226\u2013237 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1916_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28384","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011645117","volume":"117","author":"DL Holmes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holmes, D. L., Vogt, D. T. & Lagunoff, M. A CRISPR\u2013Cas9 screen identifies mitochondrial translation as an essential process in latent KSHV infection of human endothelial cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 28384\u201328392 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1916_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9975628","volume":"2021","author":"J Schustak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schustak, J. et al. Mechanism of nucleic acid sensing in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): RIG-I mediates type I interferon response in human RPE. J. Immunol. Res. 2021, 1\u201314 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"1916_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02623","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02623-20","volume":"11","author":"F Taschuk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taschuk, F., Tapescu, I., Moy, R. H. & Cherry, S. DDX56 binds to chikungunya virus RNA To control infection. mBio 11, e02623\u201320 (2020).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"1916_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.04.007","volume":"41","author":"I Fraschilla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fraschilla, I. & Jeffrey, K. L. The speckled protein (SP) family: immunity\u2019s chromatin readers. Trends Immunol. 41, 572\u2013585 (2020).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9412","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9412-9422.2004","volume":"78","author":"J Nicewonger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nicewonger, J., Suck, G., Bloch, D. & Swaminathan, S. Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) SM protein induces and recruits cellular Sp110b to stabilize mRNAs and enhance EBV lytic gene expression. J. Virol. 78, 9412\u20139422 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"1916_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20379","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.796839","volume":"292","author":"I Sengupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sengupta, I., Das, D., Singh, S. P., Chakravarty, R. & Das, C. Host transcription factor Speckled 110 kDa (Sp110), a nuclear body protein, is hijacked by hepatitis B virus protein X for viral persistence. J. Biol. Chem. 292, 20379\u201320393 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"1916_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0431-5","volume":"37","author":"FA Marquardsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marquardsen, F. A. et al. Detection of Sp110 by flow cytometry and application to screening patients for veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency. J. Clin. Immunol. 37, 707\u2013714 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11003","volume":"483","author":"J Barretina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barretina, J. et al. The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity. Nature 483, 603\u2013607 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1916_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204422","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02044-22","volume":"13","author":"H Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, H. et al. PML body component Sp100A is a cytosolic responder to IFN and activator of antiviral ISGs. mBio 13, e0204422 (2022).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"1916_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0027922","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00279-22","volume":"96","author":"Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, Y. et al. PML body component Sp100A restricts wild-type herpes simplex virus 1 infection. J. Virol. 96, e0027922 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"1916_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006660","volume":"13","author":"WH Stepp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stepp, W. H., Stamos, J. D., Khurana, S., Warburton, A. & McBride, A. A. Sp100 colocalizes with HPV replication foci and restricts the productive stage of the infectious cycle. PLoS Pathog. 13, e1006660 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1916_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.015","volume":"66","author":"AN Blackford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blackford, A. N. & Jackson, S. P. ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK: the trinity at the heart of the DNA damage response. Mol. Cell 66, 801\u2013817 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207757","volume":"23","author":"J Yuan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yuan, J. et al. Cyclin B1 depletion inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human tumor cells. Oncogene 23, 5843\u20135852 (2004).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"1916_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407695-2.00007-X","volume":"305","author":"Y Nakayama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakayama, Y. & Yamaguchi, N. Role of cyclin B1 levels in DNA damage and DNA damage-induced senescence. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. 305, 303\u2013337 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1916_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02817","volume":"119","author":"G Dellaire","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dellaire, G., Eskiw, C. H., Dehghani, H., Ching, R. W. & Bazett-Jones, D. P. Mitotic accumulations of PML protein contribute to the re-establishment of PML nuclear bodies in G1. J. Cell Sci. 119, 1034\u20131042 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"1916_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11890","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa828","volume":"48","author":"A Corpet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Corpet, A. et al. PML nuclear bodies and chromatin dynamics: catch me if you can!. Nucleic Acids Res. 48, 11890\u201311912 (2020).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"1916_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696234","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.696234","volume":"9","author":"U Patra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patra, U. & M\u00fcller, S. A tale of usurpation and subversion: SUMO-dependent integrity of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies at the crossroad of infection and immunity. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 696234 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"1916_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607526","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.607526","volume":"10","author":"M Collados Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Collados Rodr\u00edguez, M. The fate of speckled protein 100 (Sp100) during herpesviruses infection. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 10, 607526 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1916_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.350914.123","volume":"38","author":"T Cho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cho, T., Hoeg, L., Setiaputra, D. & Durocher, D. NFATC2IP is a mediator of SUMO-dependent genome integrity. Genes Dev. 38, 233\u2013252 (2024).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"1916_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/526518","volume":"2015","author":"M Saare","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saare, M. et al. SP140L, an evolutionarily recent member of the SP100 family, is an autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis. J. Immunol. Res. 2015, 1\u201317 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"1916_CR40","first-page":"1119","volume":"43","author":"H Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park, H. Caspase recruitment domains for protein interactions in cellular signaling (Review). Int. J. Mol. Med. 43, 1119\u20131127 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"1916_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10845","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810524115","volume":"115","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Cryo-EM structures of ASC and NLRC4 CARD filaments reveal a unified mechanism of nucleation and activation of caspase-1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 10845\u201310852 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1916_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.06.010","volume":"55","author":"B Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, B. et al. Molecular imprinting as a signal-activation mechanism of the viral RNA sensor RIG-I. Mol. Cell 55, 511\u2013523 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20240","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006050","volume":"293","author":"M Matyszewski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matyszewski, M. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the NLRC4CARD filament provides insights into how symmetric and asymmetric supramolecular structures drive inflammasome assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 293, 20240\u201320248 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"1916_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4519","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4519","volume":"32","author":"L Holm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holm, L., Laiho, A., T\u00f6r\u00f6nen, P. & Salgado, M. DALI shines a light on remote homologs: one hundred discoveries. Protein Sci. 32, e4519 (2023).","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"1916_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","volume":"630","author":"J Abramson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abramson, J. et al. Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3. Nature 630, 493\u2013500 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1916_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260419","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419","volume":"347","author":"M Uhl\u00e9n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uhl\u00e9n, M. et al. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science 347, 1260419 (2015).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1916_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2412990122","volume":"122","author":"I Busnadiego","year":"2025","unstructured":"Busnadiego, I. et al. An atlas of protein phosphorylation dynamics during interferon signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 122, e2412990122 (2025).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1916_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaag3160","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aag3160","volume":"2","author":"S Mehta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehta, S. et al. Maintenance of macrophage transcriptional programs and intestinal homeostasis by epigenetic reader SP140. Sci. Immunol. 2, eaag3160 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.048","volume":"185","author":"H Amatullah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amatullah, H. et al. Epigenetic reader SP140 loss of function drives Crohn\u2019s disease due to uncontrolled macrophage topoisomerases. Cell 185, 3232\u20133247 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15448-w","volume":"11","author":"Y-S Huoh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huoh, Y.-S. et al. Dual functions of Aire CARD multimerization in the transcriptional regulation of T cell tolerance. Nat. Commun. 11, 1625 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1916_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01922-w","volume":"25","author":"YS Huoh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huoh, Y. S. et al. Mechanism for controlled assembly of transcriptional condensates by Aire. Nat. Immunol. 25, 1580\u20131592 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"1916_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-01-0035","volume":"19","author":"Y-CM Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-C. M., Kappel, C., Beaudouin, J., Eils, R. & Spector, D. L. Live cell dynamics of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies upon entry into and exit from mitosis. Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 3147\u20133162 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080893","volume":"8","author":"A L\u00e5ng","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00e5ng, A., L\u00e5ng, E. & B\u00f8e, S. O. PML bodies in mitosis. Cells 8, 893 (2019).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1916_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uechi, H. et al. Small-molecule dissolution of stress granules by redox modulation benefits ALS models. Nat. Chem. Biol. 21, 1577\u20131588 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-025-01893-5"},{"key":"1916_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.05.013","volume":"430","author":"S Alberti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alberti, S. & Carra, S. Quality Control of Membraneless Organelles. J. Mol. Biol. 430, 4711\u20134729 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1916_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, K. et al. Induced proximity to PML protects TDP-43 from aggregation via SUMO\u2013ubiquitin networks. Nat. Chem. Biol. 21, 1408\u20131419 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-025-01886-4"},{"key":"1916_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.046","volume":"181","author":"P Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, P. et al. G3BP1 is a tunable switch that triggers phase separation to assemble stress granules. Cell 181, 325\u2013345 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1916_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf6548","volume":"372","author":"Y Gwon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gwon, Y. et al. Ubiquitination of G3BP1 mediates stress granule disassembly in a context-specific manner. Science 372, eabf6548 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1916_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19760","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19760","volume":"5","author":"MA Horlbeck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Horlbeck, M. A. et al. Compact and highly active next-generation libraries for CRISPR-mediated gene repression and activation. eLife 5, e19760 (2016).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"1916_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0554-4","volume":"15","author":"W Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. MAGeCK enables robust identification of essential genes from genome-scale CRISPR\/Cas9 knockout screens. Genome Biol. 15, 554 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"1916_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0665-3","volume":"11","author":"M Colic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colic, M. et al. Identifying chemogenetic interactions from CRISPR screens with drugZ. Genome Med. 11, 52 (2019).","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"1916_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0032-3","volume":"37","author":"K Clement","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clement, K. et al. CRISPResso2 provides accurate and rapid genome editing sequence analysis. Nat. Biotechnol. 37, 224\u2013226 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1916_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0309-5","volume":"15","author":"B Wienert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wienert, B., Wyman, S. K., Yeh, C. D., Conklin, B. R. & Corn, J. E. CRISPR off-target detection with DISCOVER-seq. Nat. Protoc. 15, 1775\u20131799 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1916_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","volume":"9","author":"B Langmead","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langmead, B. & Salzberg, S. L. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat. Methods 9, 357\u2013359 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"1916_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2008-9-9-r137","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS). Genome Biol. 9, R137 (2008).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"1916_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W160","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw257","volume":"44","author":"F Ram\u00edrez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez, F. et al. deepTools2: a next generation web server for deep-sequencing data analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, W160\u2013W165 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"1916_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e585","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.585","volume":"2","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Exploring epigenomic datasets by ChIPseeker. Curr. Protoc. 2, e585 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"1916_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","volume":"29","author":"A Dobin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dobin, A. et al. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics 29, 15\u201321 (2013).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1916_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love, M. I., Huber, W. & Anders, S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15, 550 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"1916_CR70","first-page":"e00057","volume":"94","author":"K Matheswaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matheswaran, K., Kevin, F., Perez, J. T., Santhakumar, M. & Balaji, M. Suppression of cytotoxic T cell functions and decreased levels of tissue-resident memory T cells during H5N1 infection. J. Virol. 94, e00057\u201320 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"1916_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20242039","volume":"222","author":"K Groen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Groen, K. et al. Type I interferon autoantibody footprints reveal neutralizing mechanisms and allow inhibitory decoy design. J. Exp. Med. 222, e20242039 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"1916_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3808","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01503-09","volume":"84","author":"DL Glauser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glauser, D. L. et al. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by adeno-associated virus Rep proteins depends on their combined DNA-binding and ATPase\/helicase activities. J. Virol. 84, 3808\u20133824 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"1916_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1934-z","volume":"18","author":"CT Rueden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rueden, C. T. et al. ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data. BMC Bioinformatics 18, 529 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1916_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2006.01706.x","volume":"224","author":"S Bolte","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bolte, S. & Cordelieres, F. P. A guided tour into subcellular colocalization analysis in light microscopy. J. Microsc. 224, 213\u2013232 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"1916_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55637-5","volume":"16","author":"SW Awwad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Awwad, S. W. et al. KLF5 loss sensitizes cells to ATR inhibition and is synthetic lethal with ARID1A deficiency. Nat. Commun. 16, 480 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1916_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie, M. E. et al. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, e47 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"1916_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4169","volume":"14","author":"A Punjani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Punjani, A., Rubinstein, J. L., Fleet, D. J. & Brubaker, M. A. cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination. Nat. Methods 14, 290\u2013296 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"1916_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2","volume":"596","author":"J Jumper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jumper, J. et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature 596, 583\u2013589 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1916_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","volume":"25","author":"EF Pettersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pettersen, E. F. et al. UCSF Chimera\u2014a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. J. Comput. Chem. 25, 1605\u20131612 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"1916_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444904019158","volume":"60","author":"P Emsley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Emsley, P. & Cowtan, K. Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr. D 60, 2126\u20132132 (2004).","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D"},{"key":"1916_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925","volume":"66","author":"PD Adams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams, P. D. et al. PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution. Acta Crystallogr. D 66, 213\u2013221 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D"}],"container-title":["Nature Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-01916-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-01916-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-01916-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T03:02:34Z","timestamp":1794020554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-01916-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41556-026-01916-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.04.03.587867","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-7392","1476-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-7392","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In the version of this article initially published, the article reference information in refs. 63\u201369 was interchanged and is now amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article was originally published under the subscription model but it is now published under an Open Access license.","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}