{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1792551926208,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 GM134858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM134858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-026-02045-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:03:29Z","timestamp":1787648609000},"page":"1901-1912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The proportional scaling of mRNA and ribosome concentrations controls eukaryotic cell growth"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Lanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosslyn","family":"Grosely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Cremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Puglisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-6820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan M.","family":"Skotheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2045_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-4-30","volume":"4","author":"TV Karpinets","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karpinets, T. V., Greenwood, D. J., Sams, C. E. & Ammons, J. T. RNA: Protein ratio of the unicellular organism as a characteristic of phosphorous and nitrogen stoichiometry and of the cellular requirement of ribosomes for protein synthesis. BMC Biol. 4, 30 (2006).","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192588","volume":"330","author":"M Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott, M., Gunderson, C. W., Mateescu, E. M., Zhang, Z. & Hwa, T. Interdependence of cell growth and gene expression: origins and consequences. Science 330, 1099\u20131102 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2045_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2016.07.005","volume":"148","author":"JA Paulo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paulo, J. A. et al. Quantitative mass spectrometry-based multiplexing compares the abundance of 5000 S. cerevisiae proteins across 10 carbon sources. J. Proteomics 148, 85\u201393 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"2045_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28034","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28034","volume":"6","author":"E Metzl-Raz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Metzl-Raz, E. et al. Principles of cellular resource allocation revealed by condition-dependent proteome profiling. eLife 6, e28034 (2017).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2045_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1921890117","volume":"117","author":"J Bj\u00f6rkeroth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkeroth, J. et al. Proteome reallocation from amino acid biosynthesis to ribosomes enables yeast to grow faster in rich media. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.USA 117, 21804\u201321812 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.USA"},{"key":"2045_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30513-2","volume":"13","author":"J Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia, J. et al. Proteome allocations change linearly with the specific growth rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under glucose limitation. Nat. Commun. 13, 2819 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2045_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28467-6","volume":"13","author":"IE Elsemman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elsemman, I. E. et al. Whole-cell modeling in yeast predicts compartment-specific proteome constraints that drive metabolic strategies. Nat. Commun. 13, 801 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2045_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41176-y","volume":"14","author":"S Matamouros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matamouros, S. et al. Growth-rate dependency of ribosome abundance and translation elongation rate in Corynebacterium glutamicum differs from that in Escherichia coli. Nat. Commun. 14, 5611 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2045_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16754","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310377110","volume":"110","author":"S Klumpp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klumpp, S., Scott, M., Pedersen, S. & Hwa, T. Molecular crowding limits translation and cell growth. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 16754\u201316759 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2045_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2427091122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2427091122","volume":"122","author":"M Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu, M., Mori, M., Hwa, T. & Dai, X. Distantly related bacteria share a rigid proteome allocation strategy with flexible enzyme kinetics. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.USA 122, e2427091122 (2025).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.USA"},{"key":"2045_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.231","volume":"2","author":"X Dai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dai, X. et al. Reduction of translating ribosomes enables Escherichia coli to maintain elongation rates during slow growth. Nat. Microbiol. 2, 1\u20139 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"2045_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabk2066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abk2066","volume":"378","author":"R Balakrishnan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balakrishnan, R. et al. Principles of gene regulation quantitatively connect DNA to RNA and proteins in bacteria. Science 378, eabk2066 (2022).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2045_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06714-z","volume":"9","author":"J Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin, J. & Amir, A. Homeostasis of protein and mRNA concentrations in growing cells. Nat. Commun. 9, 4496 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2045_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84878","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84878","volume":"12","author":"G Chure","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chure, G. & Cremer, J. An optimal regulation of fluxes dictates microbial growth in and out of steady state. eLife 12, e84878 (2023).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2045_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46410-9","volume":"15","author":"K Sechkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sechkar, K., Steel, H., Perrino, G. & Stan, G. B. A coarse-grained bacterial cell model for resource-aware analysis and design of synthetic gene circuits. Nat. Commun. 15, 1981 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2045_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.04.010","volume":"45","author":"X Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai, X. & Zhu, M. Coupling of ribosome synthesis and translational capacity with cell growth. Trends Biochem. Sci 45, 681\u2013692 (2020).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci"},{"key":"2045_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1680409","volume":"168","author":"C Waldron","year":"1977","unstructured":"Waldron, C., Jundt, R. & Lacroute, F. Evidence for a high proportion of inactive ribosomes in slow-growing yeast cells. Biochem. J. 168, 409\u2013415 (1977).","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"2045_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337800","volume":"170","author":"B Bonven","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bonven, B. & Gull\u00f8v, K. Peptide chain elongation rate and ribosomal activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a function of the growth rate. Mol. Gen. Genet. 170, 225\u2013230 (1979).","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"2045_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00276587","volume":"125","author":"F Lacroute","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lacroute, F. RNA and protein elongation rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 125, 319\u2013327 (1973).","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"2045_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.121.2.429-433.1975","volume":"121","author":"KW Boehlke","year":"1975","unstructured":"Boehlke, K. W. & Friesen, J. D. Cellular content of ribonucleic acid and protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a function of exponential growth rate: calculation of the apparent peptide chain elongation rate. J. Bacteriol. 121, 429\u2013433 (1975).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"2045_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.122.3.855-865.1975","volume":"122","author":"C Waldron","year":"1975","unstructured":"Waldron, C. & Lacroute, F. Effect of growth rate on the amounts of ribosomal and transfer ribonucleic acids in yeast. J. Bacteriol. 122, 855\u2013865 (1975).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"2045_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2400679121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2400679121","volume":"121","author":"L Calabrese","year":"2024","unstructured":"Calabrese, L., Ciandrini, L. & Cosentino Lagomarsino, M. How total mRNA influences cell growth. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 121, e2400679121 (2024).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2045_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.09.010","volume":"52","author":"M Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun, M. et al. Global analysis of eukaryotic mRNA degradation reveals Xrn1-dependent buffering of transcript levels. Mol. Cell 52, 52\u201362 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1512","volume":"44","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, J. et al. The cellular growth rate controls overall mRNA turnover, and modulates either transcription or degradation rates of particular gene regulons. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, 3643\u20133658 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2045_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.10.012","volume":"186","author":"MP Swaffer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swaffer, M. P. et al. RNA polymerase II dynamics and mRNA stability feedback scale mRNA amounts with cell size. Cell 186, 5254\u20135268 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.003","volume":"164","author":"EE Heyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heyer, E. E. & Moore, M. J. Redefining the translational status of 80S monosomes. Cell 164, 757\u2013769 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadh9545","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh9545","volume":"9","author":"S Rahaman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahaman, S., Faravelli, S., Voegeli, S. & Becskei, A. Polysome propensity and tunable thresholds in coding sequence length enable differential mRNA stability. Sci. Adv. 9, eadh9545 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2045_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP97465","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.97465.3","volume":"13","author":"J M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2024","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4, J. et al. Genome concentration limits cell growth and modulates proteome composition in Escherichia coli. eLife 13, RP97465 (2024).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2045_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.08.014","volume":"80","author":"N Kapadia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kapadia, N. et al. Processive activity of replicative DNA polymerases in the replisome of live eukaryotic cells. Mol. Cell 80, 114\u2013126 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01253-2","volume":"25","author":"A Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali, A. et al. Adaptive preservation of orphan ribosomal proteins in chaperone-dispersed condensates. Nat. Cell Biol. 25, 1691\u20131703 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1514","volume":"15","author":"D Zenklusen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zenklusen, D., Larson, D. R. & Singer, R. H. Single-RNA counting reveals alternative modes of gene expression in yeast. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 15, 1263\u20131271 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-2-87","volume":"2","author":"T von der Haar","year":"2008","unstructured":"von der Haar, T. A quantitative estimation of the global translational activity in logarithmically growing yeast cells. BMC Syst. Biol. 2, 87 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Syst. Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E15-07-0499","volume":"26","author":"JA Paulo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paulo, J. A., O\u2019Connell, J. D., Gaun, A. & Gygi, S. P. Proteome-wide quantitative multiplexed profiling of protein expression: carbon-source dependency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 26, 4063\u20134074 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2313","volume":"19","author":"S Melnikov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Melnikov, S. et al. One core, two shells: bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19, 560\u2013567 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.09.066","volume":"520","author":"T Fukuda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fukuda, T., Kawai-Noma, S., Pack, C.-G. & Taguchi, H. Large-scale analysis of diffusional dynamics of proteins in living yeast cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 520, 237\u2013242 (2019).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2045_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07093-w","volume":"627","author":"L Makhlouf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Makhlouf, L. et al. The UFM1 E3 ligase recognizes and releases 60S ribosomes from ER translocons. Nature 627, 437\u2013444 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2045_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e13-01-0038","volume":"24","author":"J Kraut-Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kraut-Cohen, J. et al. Translation- and SRP-independent mRNA targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 24, 3069\u20133084 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257521","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257521","volume":"346","author":"CH Jan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jan, C. H., Williams, C. C. & Weissman, J. S. Principles of ER cotranslational translocation revealed by proximity-specific ribosome profiling. Science 346, 1257521 (2014).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2045_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2017.08.008","volume":"5","author":"M Martin-Perez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin-Perez, M. & Vill\u00e9n, J. Determinants and regulation of protein turnover in yeast. Cell Syst. 5, 283\u2013294 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"2045_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.10.065","volume":"9","author":"R Christiano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Christiano, R., Nagaraj, N., Fr\u00f6hlich, F. & Walther, T. C. Global proteome turnover analyses of the yeasts S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Cell Rep. 9, 1959\u20131965 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2045_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2112836118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112836118","volume":"118","author":"C Malina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malina, C., Yu, R., Bj\u00f6rkeroth, J., Kerkhoven, E. J. & Nielsen, J. Adaptations in metabolism and protein translation give rise to the Crabtree effect in yeast. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2112836118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2045_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168978","volume":"324","author":"NT Ingolia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ingolia, N. T., Ghaemmaghami, S., Newman, J. R. S. & Weissman, J. S. Genome-wide analysis in vivo of translation with nucleotide resolution using ribosome profiling. Science 324, 218\u2013223 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2045_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.002","volume":"147","author":"NT Ingolia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ingolia, N. T., Lareau, L. F. & Weissman, J. S. Ribosome profiling of mouse embryonic stem cells reveals the complexity and dynamics of mammalian proteomes. Cell 147, 789\u2013802 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2022.2065784","volume":"19","author":"AR Guzikowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guzikowski, A. R. et al. Differential translation elongation directs protein synthesis in response to acute glucose deprivation in yeast. RNA Biol. 19, 636\u2013649 (2022).","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.079663.123","volume":"29","author":"W Hou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hou, W., Harjono, V., Harvey, A. T., Subramaniam, A. R. & Zid, B. M. Quantification of elongation stalls and impact on gene expression in yeast. RNA 29, 1928\u20131938 (2023).","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"2045_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat6409","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aat6409","volume":"11","author":"M Torrent","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torrent, M., Chalancon, G., De Groot, N. S., Wuster, A. & Madan Babu, M. Cells alter their tRNA abundance to selectively regulate protein synthesis during stress conditions. Sci. Signal. 11, eaat6409 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"2045_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69549","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69549","volume":"10","author":"A Azizo\u011flu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azizo\u011flu, A., Brent, R. & Rudolf, F. A precisely adjustable, variation-suppressed eukaryotic transcriptional controller to enable genetic discovery. eLife 10, e69549 (2021).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2045_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.7.830","volume":"14","author":"H Grosshans","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grosshans, H., Hurt, E. & Simos, G. An aminoacylation-dependent nuclear tRNA export pathway in yeast. Genes Dev. 14, 830\u2013840 (2000).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2045_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.033654.112","volume":"18","author":"JM Dewe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dewe, J. M., Whipple, J. M., Chernyakov, I., Jaramillo, L. N. & Phizicky, E. M. The yeast rapid tRNA decay pathway competes with elongation factor 1A for substrate tRNAs and acts on tRNAs lacking one or more of several modifications. RNA 18, 1886\u20131896 (2012).","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"2045_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.258293.115","volume":"29","author":"H-Y Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang, H.-Y. & Hopper, A. K. In vivo biochemical analyses reveal distinct roles of \u03b2-importins and eEF1A in tRNA subcellular traffic. Genes Dev. 29, 772\u2013783 (2015).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2045_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx514","volume":"45","author":"ME Evans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evans, M. E., Clark, W. C., Zheng, G. & Pan, T. Determination of tRNA aminoacylation levels by high-throughput sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 45, e133 (2017).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2045_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2019.1655352","volume":"16","author":"JE P\u00e9rez-Ort\u00edn","year":"2019","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Ort\u00edn, J. E., Tordera, V. & Ch\u00e1vez, S. Homeostasis in the central dogma of molecular biology: the importance of mRNA instability. RNA Biol. 16, 1659\u20131666 (2019).","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Srivastava, N. et al. A dual homeostatic regulation of dry mass and volume defines a target density in proliferating mammalian cells. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.04.24.650395 (2025).","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.04.24.650395"},{"key":"2045_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.079077.121","volume":"28","author":"H Alalam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alalam, H., Zepeda-Mart\u00ednez, J. A. & Sunnerhagen, P. Global SLAM-seq for accurate mRNA decay determination and identification of NMD targets. RNA 28, 905\u2013915 (2022).","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"2045_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e11-01-0028","volume":"22","author":"SE Munchel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Munchel, S. E., Shultzaberger, R. K., Takizawa, N. & Weis, K. Dynamic profiling of mRNA turnover reveals gene-specific and system-wide regulation of mRNA decay. Mol. Biol. Cell 22, 2787\u20132795 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.07.022","volume":"81","author":"VQ Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen, V. Q. et al. Spatiotemporal coordination of transcription preinitiation complex assembly in live cells. Mol. Cell 81, 3560\u20133575 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00624-9","volume":"25","author":"J Brito Querido","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brito Querido, J., D\u00edaz-L\u00f3pez, I. & Ramakrishnan, V. The molecular basis of translation initiation and its regulation in eukaryotes. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 25, 168\u2013186 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-024-01353-z","volume":"31","author":"MC Lanz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lanz, M. C. et al. Genome dilution by cell growth drives starvation-like proteome remodeling in mammalian and yeast cells. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 31, 1859\u20131871 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac411","volume":"50","author":"A Chappleboim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chappleboim, A., Joseph-Strauss, D., Gershon, O. & Friedman, N. Transcription feedback dynamics in the wake of cytoplasmic mRNA degradation shutdown. Nucleic Acids Res. 50, 5864\u20135880 (2022).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2045_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34409","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34409","volume":"7","author":"F He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He, F., Celik, A., Wu, C. & Jacobson, A. General decapping activators target different subsets of inefficiently translated mRNAs. eLife 7, e34409 (2018).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2045_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.012","volume":"153","author":"G Haimovich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haimovich, G. et al. Gene expression is circular: factors for mRNA degradation also foster mRNA synthesis. Cell 153, 1000\u20131011 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2022.04.005","volume":"13","author":"S Berry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berry, S., M\u00fcller, M., Rai, A. & Pelkmans, L. Feedback from nuclear RNA on transcription promotes robust RNA concentration homeostasis in human cells. Cell Syst. 13, 454\u2013470 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"2045_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12344","volume":"500","author":"GI Lang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lang, G. I. et al. Pervasive genetic hitchhiking and clonal interference in forty evolving yeast populations. Nature 500, 571\u2013574 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2045_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.002","volume":"166","author":"S Venkataram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Venkataram, S. et al. Development of a comprehensive genotype-to-fitness map of adaptation-driving mutations in yeast. Cell 166, 1585\u20131596 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2045_CR65","first-page":"1713","volume":"126","author":"M Laplante","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laplante, M. & Sabatini, D. M. Regulation of mTORC1 and its impact on gene expression at a glance. J. Cell Sci. 126, 1713\u20131719 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2045_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.322040.118","volume":"33","author":"B Albert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albert, B. et al. Sfp1 regulates transcriptional networks driving cell growth and division through multiple promoter-binding modes. Genes Dev. 33, 288\u2013293 (2019).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2045_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3256","volume":"12","author":"JB Grimm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grimm, J. B. et al. A general method to improve fluorophores for live-cell and single-molecule microscopy. Nat. Methods 12, 244\u2013250 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2045_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.2.655","volume":"26","author":"A Verschoor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Verschoor, A., Warner, J. R., Srivastava, S., Grassucci, R. A. & Frank, J. Three-dimensional structure of the yeast ribosome. Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 655\u2013661 (1998).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2045_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2017.05.028","volume":"126","author":"NJ MGlincy","year":"2017","unstructured":"MGlincy, N. J. & Ingolia, N. T. Transcriptome-wide measurement of translation by ribosome profiling. Methods 126, 112\u2013129 (2017).","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2045_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.2.282","volume":"19","author":"A Rouillon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rouillon, A., Barbey, R., Patton, E. E., Tyers, M. & Thomas, D. Feedback-regulated degradation of the transcriptional activator Met4 is triggered by the SCFMet30 complex. EMBO J. 19, 282\u2013294 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2045_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01372-6","volume":"20","author":"F Padovani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Padovani, F., Mairh\u00f6rmann, B., Falter-Braun, P., Lengefeld, J. & Schmoller, K. M. Segmentation, tracking and cell cycle analysis of live-cell imaging data with Cell-ACDC. BMC Biol. 20, 174 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"2045_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1956510","volume":"24","author":"EM Phizicky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Phizicky, E. M. & Hopper, A. K. tRNA biology charges to the front. Genes Dev 24, 1832\u20131860 (2010).","journal-title":"Genes Dev"}],"container-title":["Nature Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-02045-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-02045-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-02045-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:02:41Z","timestamp":1789056161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41556-026-02045-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41556-026-02045-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-7392","1476-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-7392","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}