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We investigate whether positive group bonds can improve behaviours among incarcerated people via a unique soccer-based prison intervention, the Twinning Project. We analyse effects of participation compared to a control group (study 1,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009676,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091,874 control cases) and longitudinal patterns of social cohesion underlying these effects (study 2,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009388) in the United Kingdom. We also explore desistance from crime after release (study 3,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009249) in the United Kingdom and the United States. As law-abiding behaviour also requires a supportive receiving community, we assessed factors influencing willingness to employ formerly incarcerated people in online samples in the United Kingdom and the United States (studies 4\u20139,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091,797). Results indicate that social bonding relates to both improved behaviour within prison and increased willingness of receiving communities to support re-integration efforts. Harnessing the power of group identities both within prison and receiving communities can help to address the global incarceration crisis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-02006-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T12:06:45Z","timestamp":1728907605000},"page":"2304-2313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A soccer-based intervention improves incarcerated individuals\u2019 behaviour and public acceptance through group bonding"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7700-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Newson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7256-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linus","family":"Peitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9825-134X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Cunliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6935-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harvey","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2006_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2018.1538421","volume":"37","author":"KM Auty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Auty, K. 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