{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T08:54:40Z","timestamp":1794646480808,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-026-02512-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:31:00Z","timestamp":1773768660000},"page":"2085-2095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Crosslinked ionizable lipids reprogram dendritic cell metabolism for potent mRNA vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dongyoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9444-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningqiang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5672-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad-Gabriel","family":"Alameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6276-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8382-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinjin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4900-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Chul","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2124-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2503-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiangqiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6247-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So-Jeong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7971-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Mrksich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1501-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drew","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3628-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2512_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0391-5","volume":"21","author":"SR Paludan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paludan, S. R., Pradeu, T., Masters, S. L. & Mogensen, T. H. Constitutive immune mechanisms: mediators of host defence and immune regulation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 137\u2013150 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2512_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0273-y","volume":"20","author":"RD Leone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leone, R. D. & Powell, J. D. Metabolism of immune cells in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 20, 516\u2013531 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"2512_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0217-x","volume":"21","author":"J Jung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung, J., Zeng, H. & Horng, T. Metabolism as a guiding force for immunity. Nat. Cell Biol. 21, 85\u201393 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2512_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120236","volume":"32","author":"K Ganeshan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ganeshan, K. & Chawla, A. Metabolic regulation of immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 32, 609\u2013634 (2014).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2512_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.040","volume":"22","author":"AV Menk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Menk, A. V. et al. Early TCR signaling induces rapid aerobic glycolysis enabling distinct acute T cell effector functions. Cell Rep. 22, 1509\u20131521 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2512_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08097","volume":"460","author":"EL Pearce","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pearce, E. L. et al. Enhancing CD8 T-cell memory by modulating fatty acid metabolism. Nature 460, 103\u2013107 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2512_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3727","volume":"14","author":"W Kastenm\u00fcller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kastenm\u00fcller, W., Kastenm\u00fcller, K., Kurts, C. & Seder, R. A. Dendritic cell-targeted vaccines\u2014hope or hype?. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 705\u2013711 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2512_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.06.004","volume":"40","author":"P Giovanelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giovanelli, P., Sandoval, T. A. & Cubillos-Ruiz, J. R. Dendritic cell metabolism and function in tumors. Trends Immunol. 40, 699\u2013718 (2019).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2512_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3771","volume":"15","author":"EJ Pearce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pearce, E. J. & Everts, B. Dendritic cell metabolism. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 15, 18\u201329 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2512_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13368-y","volume":"10","author":"CR Perez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perez, C. R. & De Palma, M. Engineering dendritic cell vaccines to improve cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Commun. 10, 5408 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2512_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2833","volume":"15","author":"B Everts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Everts, B. et al. TLR-driven early glycolytic reprogramming via the kinases TBK1-IKK\u025b supports the anabolic demands of dendritic cell activation. Nat. Immunol. 15, 323\u2013332 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2512_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00977-6","volume":"23","author":"PR Cullis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cullis, P. R. & Felgner, P. L. The 60-year evolution of lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 23, 709\u2013722 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"2512_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00811-9","volume":"20","author":"E Kon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kon, E., Ad-El, N., Hazan-Halevy, I., Stotsky-Oterin, L. & Peer, D. Targeting cancer with mRNA-lipid nanoparticles: key considerations and future prospects. Nat. Rev. Clinc. Oncol. 20, 739\u2013754 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clinc. Oncol."},{"key":"2512_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02061-1","volume":"28","author":"X Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. The landscape of mRNA nanomedicine. Nat. Med. 28, 2273\u20132287 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2512_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00358-0","volume":"12","author":"Z Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou, Z., Zaks, T., Langer, R. & Dong, Y. Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Nat. Rev. Mater. 12, 1078\u20131094 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"2512_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00877a017","volume":"84","author":"ES Hand","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hand, E. S. & Jencks, W. P. Mechanism of the reaction of imido esters with amines. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 3505\u20133514 (1962).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2512_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00877a016","volume":"84","author":"MJ Hunter","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hunter, M. J. & Ludwig, M. L. The reaction of imidoesters with proteins and related small molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 3419\u20133504 (1962).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2512_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00886-0","volume":"20","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Membrane destabilizing ionizable phospholipids for organ selective mRNA delivery and CRISPR\/Cas gene editing. Nat. Mater. 20, 701\u2013710 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2512_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5616","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9602019","volume":"35","author":"Y Xu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Xu, Y. & Szoka, F. C. Mechanism of DNA release from cationic liposome\/DNA complexes used in cell transfection. Biochemistry 35, 5616\u20135623 (1996).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2512_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32010","volume":"10","author":"A Zainal Abidin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zainal Abidin, A. et al. Amidine containing compounds: antimicrobial activity and its potential in combating antimicrobial resistance. Heliyon 10, e32010 (2024).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2512_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.658","volume":"48","author":"SM Sondi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sondi, S. M., Rani, R., Roy, P., Agrawal, S. K. & Saxena, A. K. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity evaluation of some heterocyclic amidine and bis-amidine derivatives. J. Heterocyclic. Chem. 48, 921\u2013926 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Heterocyclic. Chem."},{"key":"2512_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.105815","volume":"124","author":"J Samsonowicz-G\u00f3rski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samsonowicz-G\u00f3rski, J., Brodzka, A., Ostaszewski, R. & Koszelewski, D. Screening for amidoxime reductases in plant roots and Saccharomyces cerevisiae\u2014development of biocatalytic method for chemoselective amidine synthesis. Bioorg. Chem. 124, 105815 (2022).","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"2512_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00833-4","volume":"19","author":"M Foretz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Foretz, M., Guigas, B. & Viollet, B. Metformin: update on mechanisms of action and repurposing potential. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 19, 460\u2013476 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2512_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18274-1","volume":"8","author":"JY Jang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jang, J. Y. et al. Structural basis for the enhanced anti-diabetic efficacy of lobeglitazone on PPAR\u03b3. Sci. Rep. 8, 31 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2512_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05213-y","volume":"609","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. et al. Brain-restricted mTOR inhibition with binary pharmacology. Nature 609, 822\u2013828 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2512_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","volume":"168","author":"RA Saxton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saxton, R. A. & Sabatini, D. M. mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell 168, 960\u2013976 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2512_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aav3249","volume":"12","author":"D Kazyken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kazyken, D. et al. AMPK directly activates mTORC2 to promote cell survival during acute energetic stress. Sci. Signal. 12, eaav3249 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"2512_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04735-z","volume":"6","author":"P Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. WSSV exploits AMPK to activate mTORC2 signaling for proliferation by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Commun. Biol. 6, 361 (2023).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"2512_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.09.013","volume":"18","author":"K Masui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Masui, K. et al. mTOR complex 2 controls glycolytic metabolism in glioblastoma through FoxO acetylation and upregulation of c-Myc. Cell Metab. 18, 726\u2013739 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2512_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202301833RR","volume":"38","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. mTORC2-AKT signaling to PFKFB2 activates glycolysis that enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J. 38, e23532 (2024).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2512_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.03.015","volume":"15","author":"A Hagiwara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hagiwara, A. et al. Hepatic mTORC2 activates glycolysis and lipogenesis through Akt, glucokinase, and SREBP1c. Cell Metab. 15, 725\u2013738 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2512_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01086-x","volume":"55","author":"Y Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, Y., Jeong, M., Park, J., Jung, H. & Lee, H. Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. Exp. Mol. Med. 55, 2085\u20132096 (2023).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2512_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012295","volume":"139","author":"A Margraf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Margraf, A., Lowell, C. A. & Zarbock, A. Neutrophils in acute inflammation: current concepts and translational implications. Blood 139, 2130\u20132144 (2022).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2512_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.010","volume":"377","author":"B Binici","year":"2025","unstructured":"Binici, B., Rattray, Z., Zinger, A. & Perrie, Y. Exploring the impact of commonly used ionizable and pegylated lipids on mRNA-LNPs: a combined in vitro and preclinical perspective. J. Control. Release 377, 162\u2013173 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"2512_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11101580","volume":"11","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. The expression kinetics and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles delivering plasmid DNA and mRNA in mice. Vaccines 11, 1580 (2023).","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2512_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.807","volume":"11","author":"F Yasmin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yasmin, F. et al. Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia. Immun. Inflamm. Dis. 11, e807 (2023).","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"2512_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.06.016","volume":"99","author":"T Stylianopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stylianopoulos, T. et al. Diffusion of particles in the extracellular matrix: the effect of repulsive electrostatic interactions. Biophys. J. 99, 1342\u20131349 (2010).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2512_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2109256118","volume":"118","author":"SA Dilliard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilliard, S. A., Chen, Q. & Siegwart, D. J. On the mechanism of tissue-specific mRNA delivery by selective organ targeting nanoparticles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2109256118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2512_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00753-1","volume":"19","author":"SH M\u00f8ller","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller, S. H., Wang, L. & Ho, P. C. Metabolic programming in dendritic cells tailors immune responses and homeostasis. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 19, 370\u2013383 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"2512_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202401024","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202401024","volume":"223","author":"EC Brombacher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brombacher, E. C. et al. AMPK activation induces RALDH+ tolerogenic dendritic cells by rewiring glucose and lipid metabolism. J. Cell Biol. 223, e202401024 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2512_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","volume":"102","author":"A Subramanian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Subramanian, A. et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15545\u201315550 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2512_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2015.12.004","volume":"1","author":"A Liberzon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liberzon, A. et al. The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection. Cell Syst. 1, 417\u2013425 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"2512_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02014-7","volume":"20","author":"AS Castanza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Castanza, A. S. et al. Extending support for mouse data in the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Nat. Methods 20, 1619\u20131620 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2512_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz931","volume":"36","author":"SX Ge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ge, S. X., Jung, D. & Yao, R. ShinyGO: a graphical gene-set enrichment tool for animals and plants. Bioinformatics 36, 2628\u20132629 (2020).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2512_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","volume":"16","author":"I Korsunsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korsunsky, I. et al. Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony. Nat. Methods 16, 1289\u20131296 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"}],"container-title":["Nature Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02512-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02512-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02512-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T17:00:41Z","timestamp":1794330041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02512-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-026-02512-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-1122","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"D.K., N.G. and M.J.M. have filed a patent on the LNP technology discussed in this manuscript (application no. PCT\/US25\/51511). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}