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Mater."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as a promising platform for next-generation nanophotonics and optoelectronics. However, employing vdW materials as a core photonic integration platform, rather than as passive or active overlays on conventional silicon-based platforms, remains challenging, leaving their full potential untapped. Here we develop a nanofabrication strategy that enables high-resolution patterning across a broad range of vdW materials, including insulators, semiconductors, ferroelectrics and their heterostructures, and we show that they can be used as the intrinsic platform for low-loss microcavity nonlinear photonic devices such as microdisks, photonic crystals and metasurfaces. We demonstrate vdW microdisk resonators with quality (\n                    <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) factors exceeding 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Such\n                    <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    factors enable efficient continuous-wave nonlinear optical processes, including second-harmonic generation, sum-frequency generation and optical parametric amplification, with full free-spectral-range thermal tunability. These results position vdW materials as key material building blocks for next-generation integrated photonics and optoelectronics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-026-02574-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T09:02:33Z","timestamp":1776070953000},"page":"1549-1556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["All-van der Waals microcavities for low-loss nonlinear photonics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6543-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0921-318X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6810-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas C.","family":"Liapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Ran","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingnan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5840-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianze","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Kaaripuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3996-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Arias Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5854-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaifeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8781-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaihui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4974-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihuang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9771-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Feng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12385","volume":"499","author":"AK Geim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geim, A. 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