{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:41:30Z","timestamp":1792402890036,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007890","name":"UNC | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The authors acknowledge support from the UNC Institute of Convergent Science, UNC Neuroscience Center, and North Carolina Biotechnology Center."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Mater."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-026-02759-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:03:19Z","timestamp":1792400599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioresorbable metal-free molecular magnets enable untethered organ monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6244-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yizhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8227-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sicheng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9262-7149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrison","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qizhang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaya","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten Peter","family":"Vahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2305-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren Sharan","family":"Ranard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Einstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Dashnaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5411-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5134-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongkai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4696-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Romanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"X. S.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6307-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7082-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-5559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wubin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adm7168","volume":"384","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging at 0.05 Tesla. Science 384, eadm7168 (2024).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2759_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014068","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.122.014068","volume":"16","author":"KE Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomas, K. E., Fotaki, A., Botnar, R. M. & Ferreira, V. M. Imaging methods: magnetic resonance imaging. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 16, e014068 (2023).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"2759_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0309-8","volume":"3","author":"A Hai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hai, A., Spanoudaki, V. C., Bartelle, B. B. & Jasanoff, A. Wireless resonant circuits for the minimally invasive sensing of biophysical processes in magnetic resonance imaging. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 3, 69\u201378 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2759_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00427-y","volume":"7","author":"M Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, M., Hu, H., Zhou, S. & Xu, S. Soft wearable devices for deep-tissue sensing. Nat. Rev. Mater. 7, 850\u2013869 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"2759_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27194","volume":"53","author":"L Winter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Winter, L., Seifert, F., Zilberti, L., Murbach, M. & Ittermann, B. MRI-related heating of implants and devices: a review. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 53, 1646\u20131665 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"2759_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.546","volume":"69","author":"L Mittendorff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mittendorff, L., Young, A. & Sim, J. A narrative review of current and emerging MRI safety issues: what every MRI technologist (radiographer) needs to know. J. Med. Radiat. Sci. 69, 250\u2013260 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Med. Radiat. Sci."},{"key":"2759_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S459255","volume":"19","author":"Q Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong, Q. et al. Prosthetic metals: release, metabolism and toxicity. Int. J. Nanomedicine 19, 5245\u20135267 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2759_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2023.12.015","volume":"7","author":"A Pena-Francesch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pena-Francesch, A. et al. Macromolecular radical networks for organic soft magnets. Matter 7, 1503\u20131516 (2024).","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"2759_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2014.04.023","volume":"17","author":"JS Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller, J. S. Organic- and molecule-based magnets. Mater. Today 17, 224\u2013235 (2014).","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"2759_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226325","volume":"337","author":"S-W Hwang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hwang, S.-W. et al. A physically transient form of silicon electronics. Science 337, 1640\u20131644 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2759_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21004","volume":"540","author":"T Someya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Someya, T., Bao, Z. & Malliaras, G. G. The rise of plastic bioelectronics. Nature 540, 379\u2013385 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2759_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00595H","volume":"48","author":"H Yuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuk, H., Lu, B. & Zhao, X. Hydrogel bioelectronics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 48, 1642\u20131667 (2019).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2759_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2019.02.024","volume":"5","author":"H Phan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Phan, H. et al. Room-temperature magnets based on 1,3,5-triazine-linked porous organic radical frameworks. Chem 5, 1223\u20131234 (2019).","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"2759_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SC02576H","volume":"6","author":"K Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, K. et al. Hydrogen dangling bonds induce ferromagnetism in two-dimensional metal-free graphitic-C3N4 nanosheets. Chem. Sci. 6, 283\u2013287 (2015).","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"2759_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38012-8","volume":"14","author":"L Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du, L., Gao, B., Xu, S. & Xu, Q. Strong ferromagnetism of g-C3N4 achieved by atomic manipulation. Nat. Commun. 14, 2278 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2759_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09874-3","volume":"649","author":"Y Lan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lan, Y. et al. Soft biodegradable implants for long-distance and wide-angle sensing. Nature 649, 366\u2013374 (2026).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2759_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr04743a","volume":"6","author":"D Gao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gao, D. et al. Defect-related ferromagnetism in ultrathin metal-free g-C3N4 nanosheets. Nanoscale 6, 2577\u20132581 (2014).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2759_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22819","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CP04573B","volume":"21","author":"J-R Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, J.-R. et al. Accurate K-edge X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectra of g-C3N4 nanosheets by first-principles simulations and reinterpretations. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 21, 22819\u201322830 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2759_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57999-w","volume":"16","author":"P Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumar, P. et al. Isolated iridium oxide sites on modified carbon nitride for photoreforming of plastic derivatives. Nat. Commun. 16, 2862 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2759_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2021.11.021","volume":"8","author":"T Junghoefer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Junghoefer, T. et al. Magnetic behavior in metal-free radical thin films. Chem 8, 801\u2013814 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"2759_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197207","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.197207","volume":"108","author":"A Du","year":"2012","unstructured":"Du, A., Sanvito, S. & Smith, S. C. First-principles prediction of metal-free magnetism and intrinsic half-metallicity in graphitic carbon nitride. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 197207 (2012).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2759_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8617","DOI":"10.1021\/j100135a014","volume":"97","author":"R Dronskowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dronskowski, R. & Bl\u00f6chl, P. E. Crystal orbital Hamilton populations (COHP): energy-resolved visualization of chemical bonding in solids based on density-functional calculations. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 8617\u20138624 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"2759_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.1021\/jp202489s","volume":"115","author":"VL Deringer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deringer, V. L., Tchougr\u00e9eff, A. L. & Dronskowski, R. Crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis as projected from plane-wave basis sets. J. Phys. Chem. A 115, 5461\u20135466 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"2759_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16429","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.2c04691","volume":"126","author":"MR Rezapour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rezapour, M. R. Structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of graphitic carbon nitride nanoribbons and their applications in spintronics. J. Phys. Chem. C 126, 16429\u201316436 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2759_CR25","unstructured":"Chithrananda, S., Grand, G. & Ramsundar, B. ChemBERTa: Large-scale self-supervised pretraining for molecular property prediction. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.09885 (2020)."},{"key":"2759_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4392","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.3c02070","volume":"64","author":"K-D Luong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luong, K.-D. & Singh, A. Application of transformers in cheminformatics. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 64, 4392\u20134409 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"2759_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2025.114116","volume":"49","author":"S Das","year":"2025","unstructured":"Das, S., Seesala, V. S., Basu, B. & Mukherjee, S. Recent advances in PLGA-based resorbable implants for biomedical applications. Mater. Today Commun. 49, 114116 (2025).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"2759_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00377-0","volume":"24","author":"Q Cai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cai, Q., Shi, G., Bei, J. & Wang, S. Enzymatic degradation behavior and mechanism of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) foams by trypsin. Biomaterials 24, 629\u2013638 (2003).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2759_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.379","volume":"6","author":"DN Rockwood","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rockwood, D. N. et al. Materials fabrication from Bombyx mori silk fibroin. Nat. Protoc. 6, 1612\u20131631 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2759_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47029-6","volume":"15","author":"X Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan, X. et al. Silk fibroin hydrogel adhesive enables sealed-tight reconstruction of meniscus tears. Nat. Commun. 15, 2651 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2759_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6224","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00822E","volume":"49","author":"B Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, B., Mart\u00edn, C., Kurapati, R. & Bianco, A. Degradation-by-design: how chemical functionalization enhances the biodegradability and safety of 2D materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 49, 6224\u20136247 (2020).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2759_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-024-00680-5","volume":"9","author":"S Vranic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vranic, S., Kurapati, R., Kostarelos, K. & Bianco, A. Biological and environmental degradation of two-dimensional materials. Nat. Rev. Chem. 9, 173\u2013184 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"2759_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b05083","volume":"8","author":"N-N Vu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vu, N.-N., Kaliaguine, S. & Do, T.-O. Selective fragmentation through C\u2013N bond cleavage of carbon nitride framework for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 8, 853\u2013863 (2019).","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2759_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2023.128252","volume":"308","author":"EHH Hasabeldaim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hasabeldaim, E. H. H., Swart, H. C., Coetsee, E., Kumar, P. & Kroon, R. E. Degradation and chemical stability of graphitic carbon nitride during ultraviolet light irradiation. Mater. Chem. Phys. 308, 128252 (2023).","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2759_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604634","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201604634","volume":"29","author":"JG Croissant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Croissant, J. G., Fatieiev, Y. & Khashab, N. M. Degradability and clearance of silicon, organosilica, silsesquioxane, silica mixed oxide, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 29, 1604634 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2759_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01802-6","volume":"23","author":"X Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. Permanent fluidic magnets for liquid bioelectronics. Nat. Mater. 23, 703\u2013710 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2759_CR37","first-page":"165","volume":"42","author":"M Sheehan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sheehan, M., Sokoloff, L. & Reza, N. Acute heart failure: from the emergency department to the intensive care unit. Cardiol. Clin. 42, 165\u2013186 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"2759_CR38","first-page":"839","volume":"18","author":"P Sabouret","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabouret, P. et al. Post-discharge and long-term follow-up after an acute coronary syndrome: International Collaborative Group of CNCF position paper. Arch. Med. Sci. 18, 839\u2013854 (2022).","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2759_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-021-00673-5","volume":"36","author":"IT Bootsma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bootsma, I. T., Boerma, E. C., Scheeren, T. W. L. & De Lange, F. The contemporary pulmonary artery catheter. Part 2: measurements, limitations, and clinical applications. J. Clin. Monit. Comput. 36, 17\u201331 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"2759_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e016517","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.016517","volume":"17","author":"LD Gillam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gillam, L. D. & Marcoff, L. Echocardiography: past, present, and future. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 17, e016517 (2024).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"2759_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/acead2","volume":"44","author":"PH Charlton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charlton, P. H. et al. The 2023 wearable photoplethysmography roadmap. Physiol. Meas. 44, 111001 (2023).","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"2759_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo2542","volume":"377","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, C. et al. Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs. Science 377, 517\u2013523 (2022).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2759_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0268-3","volume":"25","author":"AY Hannun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hannun, A. Y. et al. Cardiologist-level arrhythmia detection and classification in ambulatory electrocardiograms using a deep neural network. Nat. Med. 25, 65\u201369 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2759_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-026-02576-9","author":"P Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li, P., Hibino, N., Shi, L. L. & Tian, B. Minimally invasive bioelectronic implants. Nat. Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-026-02576-9 (2026).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2759_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-01023-w","volume":"6","author":"H Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi, H. et al. Adhesive bioelectronics for sutureless epicardial interfacing. Nat. Electron. 6, 779\u2013789 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"2759_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ado9003","volume":"16","author":"J Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng, J. et al. A bioadhesive pacing lead for atraumatic cardiac monitoring and stimulation in rodent and porcine models. Sci. Transl. Med. 16, eado9003 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2759_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0477","volume":"7","author":"Z Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang, Z. et al. Intelligent hydrogel-assisted hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Research 7, 0477 (2024).","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"2759_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6362","volume":"357","author":"J Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces. Science 357, 378\u2013381 (2017).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2759_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-022-00928-z","volume":"14","author":"Y Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Xu, H., Li, Z., Zhangji, A. & Guo, B. Bioinspired injectable self-healing hydrogel sealant with fault-tolerant and repeated thermo-responsive adhesion for sutureless post-wound-closure and wound healing. Nano Micro Lett. 14, 185 (2022).","journal-title":"Nano Micro Lett."},{"key":"2759_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21420","volume":"44","author":"N Ganne-Carri\u00e9","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ganne-Carri\u00e9, N. et al. Accuracy of liver stiffness measurement for the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver diseases. Hepatology 44, 1511\u20131517 (2006).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2759_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.042","volume":"156","author":"PJ Eddowes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eddowes, P. J. et al. Accuracy of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 156, 1717\u20131730 (2019).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2759_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-025-00190-6","volume":"2","author":"M Corsi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Corsi, M., Bellotti, E., Surdo, S. & Barillaro, G. Implantable bioresorbable electronic systems for sustainable precision medicine. Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng. 2, 572\u2013583 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"2759_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11722","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00408","volume":"123","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Advances in bioresorbable materials and electronics. Chem. Rev. 123, 11722\u201311773 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2759_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01022-4","volume":"7","author":"K Kwon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kwon, K. et al. A battery-less wireless implant for the continuous monitoring of vascular pressure, flow rate and temperature. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 7, 1215\u20131228 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2759_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300ra128","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa5657","volume":"7","author":"S Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. An inflammation-targeting hydrogel for local drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease. Sci. Transl. Med. 7, 300ra128 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2759_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03691-1","volume":"9","author":"N Joshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joshi, N. et al. Towards an arthritis flare-responsive drug delivery system. Nat. Commun. 9, 1275 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2759_CR57","first-page":"410","volume":"55","author":"J Gu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gu, J. et al. Enhancing remanent magnetization of injectable hydrogels improves realtime transluminal localization of tumor in hollow soft viscera. Bioact. Mater. 55, 410\u2013425 (2026).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2759_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.7b00595","volume":"4","author":"VR Feig","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feig, V. R., Tran, H. & Bao, Z. Biodegradable polymeric materials in degradable electronic devices. ACS Cent. Sci. 4, 337\u2013348 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"2759_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210764","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210764","volume":"33","author":"A Reizabal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reizabal, A., Costa, C. M., P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lvarez, L., Vilas-Vilela, J. L. & Lanceros-M\u00e9ndez, S. Silk fibroin as sustainable advanced material: material properties and characteristics, processing, and applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2210764 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2759_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.59.1758","volume":"59","author":"G Kresse","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kresse, G. & Joubert, D. From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Phys. Rev. B 59, 1758\u20131775 (1999).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2759_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21057","volume":"29","author":"J Hafner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hafner, J. Ab-initio simulations of materials using VASP: density-functional theory and beyond. J. Comput. Chem. 29, 2044\u20132078 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"2759_CR62","unstructured":"Ahmad, W., Simon, E., Chithrananda, S., Grand, G. & Ramsundar, B. ChemBERTa-2: towards chemical foundation models. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2209.01712 (2022)."},{"key":"2759_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1039\/D5DD00348B","volume":"5","author":"R Singh","year":"2026","unstructured":"Singh, R. et al. ChemBERTa-3: an open source training framework for chemical foundation models. Digit. Discov. 5, 662\u2013685 (2026).","journal-title":"Digit. Discov."},{"key":"2759_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-523-7_20","volume":"843","author":"HB Golden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Golden, H. B. et al. Isolation of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts from neonatal rat pups. Methods Mol. Biol. 843, 205\u2013214 (2012).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Nature Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02759-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02759-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02759-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:03:22Z","timestamp":1792400602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-026-02759-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["2759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-026-02759-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-1122","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}