{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:01:39Z","timestamp":1793430099981,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0147-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]],"date-time":"2018-04-13T06:24:58Z","timestamp":1523600698000},"page":"600-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Intracellular replication of Streptococcus pneumoniae inside splenic macrophages serves as a reservoir for septicaemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ercoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5179-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor E.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Y.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Wanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Bayliss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9812-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kornelis","family":"Straatman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Crocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Dennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Martinez-Pomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Richard","family":"Moxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-793X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco R.","family":"Oggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"147_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gratz, N., Loh, L. N. & Tuomanen, E. in Streptococcus Pneumoniae (eds Hammerschmidt, S. & Orihuela, C.) 433-451 (Academic Press, London, 2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-410530-0.00023-5"},{"key":"147_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1274-9","volume":"20","author":"T van der Poll","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Poll, T. Future of sepsis therapies. Crit. Care 20, 106 (2016).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"147_CR3","unstructured":"Pneumococcal Vaccines: WHO Position Paper WER Vol. 87, 14 (WHO, 2012)."},{"key":"147_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1312885","volume":"371","author":"DM Musher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Musher, D. M. & Thorner, A. R. Community-acquired pneumonia. New Engl. J. Med. 371, 1619\u20131628 (2014).","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"147_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lim, W. S., Smith, D. L., Wise, M. P. & Welham, S. A. British Thoracic Society community acquired pneumonia guideline and the NICE pneumonia guideline: how they fit together. Thorax https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206881 (2015).","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206881"},{"key":"147_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.53","volume":"11","author":"B Simell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simell, B. et al. The fundamental link between pneumococcal carriage and disease. Expert Rev. Vaccin. 11, 841\u2013855 (2012).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccin."},{"key":"147_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1128\/br.24.1.50-66.1960","volume":"24","author":"DE Rogers","year":"1960","unstructured":"Rogers, D. E. Host mechanisms which act to remove bacteria from the blood stream. Bacteriol. Rev. 24, 50\u201366 (1960).","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"147_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004026","volume":"10","author":"A Gerlini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerlini, A. et al. The role of host and microbial factors in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal bacteraemia arising from a single bacterial cell bottleneck. PLoS Pathog. 10, e1004026 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"147_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110148","volume":"67","author":"EJ Brown","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brown, E. J., Hosea, S. W. & Frank, M. M. The role of the spleen in experimental pneumococcal bacteremia. J. Clin. Investig. 67, 975\u2013982 (1981).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"147_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161621","volume":"214","author":"JF Deniset","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deniset, J. F., Surewaard, B. G., Lee, W.-Y. & Kubes, P. Splenic Ly6Ghigh mature and Ly6Gint immature neutrophils contribute to eradication of S. pneumoniae. J. Exp. Med. 214, 1333\u20131350 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"147_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005887","volume":"12","author":"M Kono","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kono, M. et al. Single cell bottlenecks in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS Pathog. 12, e1005887 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"147_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.37.194.398","volume":"37","author":"M Horan","year":"1962","unstructured":"Horan, M. & Colebatch, J. H. Relation between splenectomy and subsequent infection: a clinical study. Arch. Dis. Child. 37, 398\u2013414 (1962).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"147_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1195","volume":"62","author":"C Theilacker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Theilacker, C. et al. Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 62, 871\u2013878 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"147_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.123.5.777","volume":"123","author":"HR Shinefield","year":"1966","unstructured":"Shinefield, H. R., Steinberg, C. R. & Kaye, D. Effect of splenectomy on the susceptibility of mice inoculated with diplococcus pneumoniae. J. Exp. Med. 123, 777\u2013794 (1966).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"147_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.5.1927","volume":"184","author":"L Martinez-Pomares","year":"1996","unstructured":"Martinez-Pomares, L. et al. Fc chimeric protein containing the cysteine-rich domain of the murine mannose receptor binds to macrophages from splenic marginal zone and lymph node subcapsular sinus and to germinal centers. J. Exp. Med. 184, 1927\u20131937 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"147_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.4.1549-1557.2006","volume":"26","author":"C Oetke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oetke, C., Vinson, M. C., Jones, C. & Crocker, P. R. Sialoadhesin-deficient mice exhibit subtle changes in B- and T-cell populations and reduced immunoglobulin M levels. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 1549\u20131557 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"147_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02221-14","volume":"197","author":"M Kjos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kjos, M. et al. Bright fluorescent Streptococcus pneumoniae for live-cell imaging of host-pathogen interactions. J. Bacteriol. 197, 807\u2013818 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"147_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.3.1148","volume":"171","author":"P Aichele","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aichele, P. et al. Macrophages of the splenic marginal zone are essential for trapping of blood-borne particulate antigen but dispensable for induction of specific T cell responses. J. Immunol. 171, 1148\u20131155 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"147_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03634.x","volume":"49","author":"C Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones, C., Virji, M. & Crocker, P. R. Recognition of sialylated meningococcal lipopolysaccharide by siglecs expressed on myeloid cells leads to enhanced bacterial uptake. Mol. Microbiol. 49, 1213\u20131225 (2003).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"147_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01437-12","volume":"81","author":"AP Heikema","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heikema, A. P. et al. Enhanced, sialoadhesin-dependent uptake of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni strains by human macrophages. Infect. Immun. 81, 2095\u20132103 (2013).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"147_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-014-1157-y","volume":"92","author":"YC Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang, Y.-C. et al. Role of macrophage sialoadhesin in host defense against the sialylated pathogen group B streptococcus.J. Mol. Med. 92, 951\u2013959 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"147_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090386","volume":"206","author":"S Uchiyama","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uchiyama, S. et al. The surface-anchored NanA protein promotes pneumococcal brain endothelial cell invasion. J. Exp. Med. 206, 1845\u20131852 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"147_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8207","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.15.8207-8215.2003","volume":"77","author":"N Vanderheijden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vanderheijden, N. et al. Involvement of sialoadhesin in entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into porcine alveolar macrophages. J. Virol. 77, 8207\u20138215 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"147_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurin, M. & Raoult, D. in Antimicrobial Agents and Intracellular Pathogens (ed. Raoult, D.) 21\u201337 (CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, 1993).","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.12.2633"},{"key":"147_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61722-1","volume":"159","author":"B Steiniger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steiniger, B., Barth, P. & Hellinger, A. The perifollicular and marginal zones of the human splenic white pulp: do fibroblasts guide lymphocyte immigration? Am. J. Pathol. 159, 501\u2013512 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"147_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12469","volume":"145","author":"BS Steiniger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steiniger, B. S. Human spleen microanatomy: why mice do not suffice. Immunology 145, 334\u2013346 (2015).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"147_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairbairn, L., Kapetanovic, R., Sester, D. P. & Hume, D. A. The mononuclear phagocyte system of the pig as a model for understanding human innate immunity and disease. J. Leukoc. Biol. 89, 855\u2013871 (2011).","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1110607"},{"key":"147_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.11.002","volume":"20","author":"F Meurens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meurens, F., Summerfield, A., Nauwynck, H., Saif, L. & Gerdts, V. The pig: a model for human infectious diseases. Trends Microbiol. 20, 50\u201357 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"147_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.06.002","volume":"33","author":"A Ezquerra","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ezquerra, A. et al. Porcine myelomonocytic markers and cell populations. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 33, 284\u2013298 (2009).","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"147_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.11.010","volume":"44","author":"B Alvarez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alvarez, B. et al. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of CD169+and CD163+macrophages from porcine lymph nodes and spleen. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 44, 44\u201349 (2014).","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"147_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0718-3","volume":"16","author":"A de Greeff","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Greeff, A. et al. Pneumococcal colonization and invasive disease studied in a porcine model. BMC Microbiol. 16, 102 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"147_CR32","first-page":"e50567","volume":"82","author":"WY Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung, W. Y. et al. Steps for the autologous ex vivo perfused porcine liver-kidney experiment. J. Vis. Exp 82, e50567 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp"},{"key":"147_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.3.1534","volume":"75","author":"ER Moxon","year":"1978","unstructured":"Moxon, E. R. & Murphy, P. A. Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia and meningitis resulting from survival of a single organism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 75, 1534\u20131536 (1978).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"147_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16057","volume":"527","author":"SM Lehar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lehar, S. M. et al. Novel antibody\u2013antibiotic conjugate eliminates intracellular S. aureus. Nature 527, 323\u2013328 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"147_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01273-09","volume":"78","author":"AP Heikema","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heikema, A. P. et al. Characterization of the specific interaction between sialoadhesin and sialylated Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharides. Infect. Immun. 78, 3237\u20133246 (2010).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"147_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200776","volume":"189","author":"M Klaas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klaas, M. et al. Sialoadhesin promotes rapid proinflammatory and type I IFN responses to a sialylated pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni\n                           . J. Immunol. 189, 2414\u20132422 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"147_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2016.11.009","volume":"312","author":"M De Schryver","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Schryver, M. et al. Monoclonal antibody binding to the macrophage-specific receptor sialoadhesin alters the phagocytic properties of human and mouse macrophages. Cell. Immunol. 312, 51\u201360 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"147_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01710-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01710-14","volume":"5","author":"MA Bewley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bewley, M. A. et al. Pneumolysin activates macrophage lysosomal membrane permeabilization and executes apoptosis by distinct mechanisms without membrane pore formation. mBio 5, e01710-14 (2014).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"147_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1086\/323084","volume":"184","author":"DH Dockrell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dockrell, D. H., Lee, M., Lynch, D. H. & Read, R. C. Immune-mediated phagocytosis and killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae are associated with direct and bystander macrophage apoptosis. J. Infect. Dis. 184, 713\u2013722 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"147_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2286-2293.2000","volume":"68","author":"SB Gordon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gordon, S. B., Irving, G. R. B., Lawson, R. A., Lee, M. E. & Read, R. C. Intracellular trafficking and killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages are influenced by opsonins. Infect. Immun. 68, 2286\u20132293 (2000).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"147_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57761","volume":"121","author":"KM Davis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davis, K. M., Nakamura, S. & Weiser, J. N. Nod2 sensing of lysozyme-digested peptidoglycan promotes macrophage recruitment and clearance of S. pneumoniae colonization in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 3666\u20133676 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"147_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2169","volume":"13","author":"N Honke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Honke, N. et al. Enforced viral replication activates adaptive immunity and is essential for the control of a cytopathic virus. Nat. Immunol. 13, 51\u201357 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"147_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.053082-0","volume":"94","author":"W Van Breedam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Breedam, W., Verbeeck, M., Christiaens, I., Van Gorp, H. & Nauwynck, H. J. Porcine, murine and human sialoadhesin (Sn\/Siglec-1\/CD169): portals for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus entry into target cells. J. General. Virol. 94, 1955\u20131960 (2013).","journal-title":"J. General. Virol."},{"key":"147_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909541107","volume":"107","author":"R Backer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Backer, R. et al. Effective collaboration between marginal metallophilic macrophages and CD8+ dendritic cells in the generation of cytotoxic T cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 216\u2013221 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"147_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444983","volume":"45","author":"H Veninga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veninga, H. et al. Antigen targeting reveals splenic CD169+ macrophages as promoters of germinal center B-cell responses. Eur. J. Immunol. 45, 747\u2013757 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"147_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2034","volume":"7","author":"P Mastroeni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mastroeni, P., Grant, A., Restif, O. & Maskell, D. A dynamic view of the spread and intracellular distribution of Salmonella enterica. Nat. Rev. Micro. 7, 73\u201380 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Micro."},{"key":"147_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058879","volume":"292","author":"BR Levin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levin, B. R. & Antia, R. Why we don\u2019t get sick: the within-host population dynamics of bacterial infections. Science 292, 1112\u20131115 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"147_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108525","volume":"58","author":"S Shaw","year":"1976","unstructured":"Shaw, S., Smith, A. L., Anderson, P. & Smith, D. H. The paradox of Hemophilus infuenzae type B bacteremia in the presence of serum bactericidal activity. J. Clin. Invest. 58, 1019\u20131029 (1976).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"147_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060074","volume":"6","author":"AJ Grant","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grant, A. J. et al. Modelling within-host spatiotemporal dynamics of invasive bacterial disease. PLoS Biol. 6, e74 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"147_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160334","volume":"213","author":"BGJ Surewaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Surewaard, B. G. J. et al. Identification and treatment of the Staphylococcus aureus reservoir in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 213, 1141\u20131151 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"147_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.79.2.137","volume":"79","author":"OT Avery","year":"1944","unstructured":"Avery, O. T., MacLeod, C. M. & McCarty, M. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III. J. Exp. Med. 79, 137\u2013158 (1944).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"147_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.8.2652-2654.1999","volume":"181","author":"F Iannelli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Iannelli, F., Pearce, B. J. & Pozzi, G. The type 2 capsule locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 181, 2652\u20132654 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"147_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01237-05","volume":"74","author":"S Manco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manco, S. et al. Pneumococcal neuraminidases A and B both have essential roles during infection of the respiratory tract and sepsis. Infect. Immun. 74, 4014\u20134020 (2006).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"147_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061217","volume":"293","author":"H Tettelin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tettelin, H. et al. Complete genome sequence of a virulent isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Science 293, 498\u2013506 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"147_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(02)01312-8","volume":"153","author":"BJ Pearce","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pearce, B. J., Iannelli, F. & Pozzi, G. Construction of new unencapsulated (rough) strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Res. Microbiol. 153, 243\u2013247 (2002).","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"147_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.116.16.431","volume":"116","author":"D Morton","year":"1985","unstructured":"Morton, D. & Griffiths, P. Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. Vet. Rec. 116, 431\u2013436 (1985).","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"147_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir657","volume":"204","author":"A Kadioglu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kadioglu, A. et al. Sex-based differences in susceptibility to respiratory and systemic pneumococcal disease in mice. J. Infect. Dis. 204, 1971\u20131979 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"147_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.12.4725-4732.2004","volume":"48","author":"MR Oggioni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oggioni, M. R. et al. Antibacterial activity of a competence-stimulating peptide in experimental sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48, 4725\u20134732 (2004).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"147_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05310.x","volume":"61","author":"MR Oggioni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oggioni, M. R. et al. Switch from planktonic to sessile life: a major event in pneumococcal pathogenesis. Mol. Microbiol. 61, 1196\u20131210 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"147_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.004","volume":"154","author":"EJ Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, E.-J., Pontes, M. H. & Groisman, E. A. A bacterial virulence protein promotes pathogenicity by inhibiting the bacterium\u2019s own F1Fo ATP synthase. Cell 154, 146\u2013156 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"147_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308490100","volume":"101","author":"PR Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor, P. R. et al. Development of a specific system for targeting protein to metallophilic macrophages. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 1963\u20131968 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Nature Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-018-0147-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-018-0147-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-018-0147-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T18:49:18Z","timestamp":1671562158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-018-0147-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-018-0147-1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.733060952.793547567","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2058-5276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-5276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}