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Peptidoglycan provides structural strength, protects cells from osmotic pressure and contributes to shape. All bacterial glycans are repeating disaccharides of\n                    <jats:italic>N-<\/jats:italic>\n                    acetylglucosamine (Glc\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ac) \u03b2-(1\u20134)-linked to\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetylmuramic acid (Mur\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ac).\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the tick-borne Lyme disease pathogen, produces glycan chains in which Mur\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ac is occasionally replaced with an unknown sugar. Nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectroscopy and genetic analyses show that\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces glycans that contain Glc\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ac\u2013Glc\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ac. This unusual disaccharide is chitobiose, a component of its chitinous tick vector. Mutant bacteria that are auxotrophic for chitobiose have altered morphology, reduced motility and cell envelope defects that probably result from producing peptidoglycan that is stiffer than that in wild-type bacteria. We propose that the peptidoglycan of\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    probably evolved by adaptation to obligate parasitization of a tick vector, resulting in a biophysical cell-wall alteration to withstand the atypical torque associated with twisting motility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-01003-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T12:03:54Z","timestamp":1637755434000},"page":"1583-1592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The unusual cell wall of the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi is shaped by a tick sugar"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanner G.","family":"DeHart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1430-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara R.","family":"Kushelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry B.","family":"Hildreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Helm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-1031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Jutras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1003_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00094.x","volume":"32","author":"W Vollmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vollmer, W., Blanot, D. & de Pedro, M. 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