{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:00:27Z","timestamp":1792821627345,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes. However, documenting microbial shifts during spaceflight has been difficult due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling and profiling. Here we executed a six-month longitudinal study to quantify the high-resolution human microbiome response to three days in orbit for four individuals. Using paired metagenomics and metatranscriptomics alongside single-nuclei immune cell profiling, we characterized time-dependent, multikingdom microbiome changes across 750 samples and 10 body sites before, during and after spaceflight at eight timepoints. We found that most alterations were transient across body sites; for example, viruses increased in skin sites mostly during flight. However, longer-term shifts were observed in the oral microbiome, including increased plaque-associated bacteria (for example,\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacteriota<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which correlated with immune cell gene expression. Further, microbial genes associated with phage activity, toxin\u2013antitoxin systems and stress response were enriched across multiple body sites. In total, this study reveals in-depth characterization of microbiome and immune response shifts experienced by astronauts during short-term spaceflight and the associated changes to the living environment, which can help guide future missions, spacecraft design and space habitat planning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01635-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T12:03:56Z","timestamp":1718107436000},"page":"1661-1675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Braden T.","family":"Tierney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JangKeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliah G.","family":"Overbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista A.","family":"Ryon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Foox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrima","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namita","family":"Damle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7950-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deena","family":"Najjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0045-1429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiwoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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R.D. and G.A.A.-G. are employees of Seed Health. C.E.M. is a co-founder of Cosmica Biosciences. E.E.A. is a consultant for Thorne HealthTech. G.M.C. has conflicts, detailed here:\n                      \n                      . J.F. and M.M. are employees of Tempus Labs. J.M., A.M.B., J.Z., B.R.L., A.A., S.K. and S.L. are employees of Element Biosciences, which sequenced a subset of samples used in this study. Unless otherwise mentioned, none of the companies listed had a role in conceiving, executing, or funding the work described here.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}